In this video, I discuss the neurotransmitter serotonin. I cover serotonin synthesis, the primary location of serotonin-producing neurons, serotonin receptors, and functions of serotonin.
In this video, I describe the mechanisms underlying neurotransmitter release. I discuss how calcium influx is thought to play a role in mobilizing and preparing synaptic vesicles for neurotransmitt...
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is a process by which connections between neurons become stronger with frequent activation. LTP is thought to be a way in which the brain changes in response to expe...
Dopamine is a monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter with many functions in the nervous system ranging from movement to lactation. In this video, I discuss dopamine synthesis, areas of the br...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of motor function. ALS affects upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. As t...
The pineal gland is a pine cone shaped structure located in the diencephalon whose main function is the secretion of melatonin, a hormone that is best known for its role in regulating circadian rhy...
In this video, I discuss the primary somatosensory cortex. The primary somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing somatic sensations, or sensations from the body that include touch, proprio...
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are thought to be involved with maintaining circadian rhythms, or biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle. To accomplish this, the cells of the SCN contain ...
In this video, I discuss the nucleus accumbens. The nucleus accumbens is located in the basal forebrain, and is the major component of the ventral striatum. Although it is best known as a key struc...
In this video, I discuss the ventral tegmental area, or VTA. The VTA is one of the two largest dopaminergic regions of the brain (the other being the substantia nigra). Dopamine neurons leave the V...
In this video, I discuss the medulla oblongata. The medulla is part of the brainstem and is responsible for a number of important functions. It is involved with regulating cardiovascular and respir...
The vestibular system is a sensory system that is essential to normal movement and equilibrium. In this video, I discuss the vestibular labyrinth---the primary structure of the vestibular system, w...
In this video, I discuss the amygdala. The amygdala is a collection of nuclei found in the temporal lobe; it is best known for its role in fear and threat detection, but its full range of functions...
In this video, I discuss the striatum. The term striatum is used to refer collectively to the caudate nucleus, putamen, and nucleus accumbens. The striatum is one of the primary structures of the b...
In this video, I discuss epilepsy. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent seizures. Seizures are characterized by excessive neural activity, which is caused by both increased ac...
In this video, I discuss multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a central nervous system disorder that can create a variety of symptoms ranging from visual disturbances to paralysis. It is chara...
In this video, I discuss Alzheimer's disease---the most common form of neurodegenerative disease. In addition to the widespread neurodegeneration that occurs in Alzheimer's disease, there are speci...
In this video, I discuss Parkinson's disease---the second most common neurodegenerative disease behind Alzheimer's disease. Parkinson's disease is associated with the degeneration and death of dopa...
Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter of the human nervous system. It is an amino acid neurotransmitter that interacts with both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. There are 3 id...
In this video I discuss the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human nervous system; its effects generally involve making neur...
In this video I discuss the neuromuscular junction. The term neuromuscular junction refers to a synapse between a motor neuron and muscle fiber; activity here is essential for muscle contraction an...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss the knee-jerk reflex. The knee-jerk reflex, also known as the patellar...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video I discuss the substantia nigra. I describe the two regions that make up the subst...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video I discuss the corticospinal tract, a major tract that carries movement-related in...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video I discuss the group of structures known as the basal ganglia, which includes the ...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss the motor cortex. I describe the location and functions of the primary...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss the cerebellum. I describe the location of the cerebellum in the nervo...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss the effects of cocaine on the brain. I describe cocaine's primary mech...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss the blood-brain barrier, a complex that surrounds most of the blood ve...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss myelin, an insulatory layer that covers the axons of many neurons in t...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, or HPA, axis, which plays an impor...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss pain and the anterolateral system. I describe the three main pathways ...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss touch and the dorsal columns-medial lemniscus pathway. I describe the ...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss the cochlea. I describe the passage of sound waves through the ear, wh...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I cover the retina. I discuss the five major types of neurons found in the retin...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I cover the hippocampus. I discuss its location in the temporal lobe as well as ...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I cover the thalamus. I discuss the function of the thalamus as a relay station...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I cover the brainstem. I discuss the three components of the brainstem: the med...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I cover the protective membranes of the brain known as the meninges. I discuss ...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I cover the ventricles. I discuss the function of the ventricles, which involve...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I cover directional terms in neuroscience. I discuss terms that are consistent ...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I cover the spinal cord in cross-section. I discuss how the spinal cord is comp...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I cover the exterior of the spinal cord. I discuss how sensory and motor inform...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in about 2 minutes or less. In this video, I cover the reward system. I discuss dopamine's role in reward as well as ...
In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I cover glial cells. I discuss microglia and several types of macroglia: astroc...