in the previous video we learned how tomove around our file system and we learnhow to install a package let's keepgoing[Music]okay so we know how to navigate aroundwe know how to install software what'snext so the next thing that we shouldprobably look at is how to find our logfiles in case there's any issues sowhere are all the logs stored on FreeBSDwell helpfully they're installed in oneplace right here varlogand there's one that I usually turn onwhich I find extremely useful so we'lldo that now and that'll allow everythingto be logged to One log we're going touse my favorite editor which is Picowe're gonna go forward slash Etcsyslog.comfand we're going to find the alluncomment that one and as you can see ittells you what to do with it as well sowe'll go exit out which on Pico iscontrol Xevery time so let's become removedbecause we learned that in the lastvideo as well if I remember my passworddoesn't it and let's go PTCsyslog.confandcommentcontrol X to exit out of Picoand then we want to gotouchah logall.logas it says thereand then chmod and I'll cover CH mod ina little while600wellwe'll need to restart syslog so Etcactually let's do it this waythis RCsyslog D I think let's be just sislocked in no I would do it my usual waythen let's restart it there we go clearall that so now if we go into bar logyou'll see the old DOT log there yeah sothe the first tool that is is reallyhelpful for just looking at logsthere's one called tail and what thatbasically does is just follow what'sbeing imported into that log tail minusF all dollar there you go and it'sshowing us what's going on in that lognow these ones I believe are frommessages but that's fineso there we go that's the next onethat's the next command that is isreally really helpful in just diagnosinganything that may or may not go wrong sofor instance we can tail messagesthere you go loads going on these areprobably most of the ones that werehappening on Startupthere's a bad Su from when I just put inthe wrong passwordgood stuff so you can diagnose anythingthat's going on just by looking in thein the logs as I saidjust nowchmodso let's go man chGod that will tell you what it isthe CH mods utility modifies the filemode bits of the listed files asspecified by the mode operate all rightsohere we goso if I doin LL which gives us the CH mode on theleft don't worry about trying to to readthis at the moment because it's all kindof strangeso if I create a file just just for thispurpose let's call ittest dot text and we'll open itand we'll just put in one lineyou'll see it at the bottom there sothis is basically just created a filewith standard permissions which is readwrite write for that particular usernice and simple and say I want this tobe read bysomebody elsecan I do that yeah of course capso I can go CH mod Plusreadohshould I do it right nowthere we goso if I now do an LL on itit's exactly the samebecause it would beand chmod let's scan through until wefind what we're looking forso here we go it gives you some optionsthere we goallow read by othersso if I do CH Mod 0 0 4so if I had come out of thereso I'm now Gary againit's letting me read it like that so Ican now read that file like I say CHmore takes a bit to get your head aroundit so we're not going to cover it in toomuch detail here but you can look upthings like a CH mod calculator whichwill tell you how to do things forinstance here is a CH mod calculator itsays Linux permissions but it works onpretty much any Unix operator system soread write and execute for you usuallyyou would have group read group andpublic read so there you go 744 is whatwe want so 744 let's try that let'sbecome root againokay so we want CH mod 744List Itthere we go and it has actually done itto where we want so it's read write andexecutable bythe ownerit's read by the group and it's read byotherssee that how it's broken down thereread write executable r w x read readch-mod calculator is very handy if it'sa little start there I assuming that'sbecause of the executable let's see ifwe can change that minus Xthere you go redo it read that's what wewantedwhich interestingly in half is probablythe standard permission when creating afile so find out create another filetest one txtthere you goso it was already allowing that like Isaid permissions on Unix a funny beastbut get yourself familiar with a CH modcalculator and after a while it'll besecond nature to you so for instanceread write executable by everybody 777so we've looked at permissions we'velooked at tailing I've found it's ageneral rule of thumb the two thingsthat usually go wrong are always stayedin a log and are usually solvable bypermissions not always the case butthat's what I have found so moving alongwhat's next in one of my previous videosI've covered therc.com and we'll justbriefly go over it here because this isthe file that controls pretty mucheverything about what starts up and whatservices are running on your yourFreeBSD box so we'll have a quick lookat that we won't go into it in depthhave a look at the video that I've doneI'll list it up here somewhere so let'sgo in ETC and have a quick look theseare all the files there these filescontrol all pretty much everything thereare some files that control what goes onwhile it's booting and we'll cover themanother time as well so quick lookrc.com here we go I've got no send mailwhich will be redundant at some pointwhen the removal of the send mailhappens scheduled to happen very soonsetting up my hostname my keyboard mapwhich probably could just be UK settingup my network stack on this instanceit's DHCP Dynamic host control protocolit's allowing SSH which is secure shellaccess it's set up the ntp date lntpdenabled dump dib Auto and using ZFS sothese are the main things that are setup in booting or after the initial bootphases happened and it's passed on tothe operating system so there we go lastthing to cover in this video would betwo very basic commands and that wouldbe shut down and reboot reboot I hardlyever use but what I do use is shut downmiter saw now so shut downis telling the system to shut down theminus r tells it that it wants to berebooted and the now tells it when soyou could actually put a Time on therequite simple and reboot will just do areboot straight away so let's do a quickman page on shutdown because there areother options for instance H minus Hwhich is Coltsminus P which is power off minus r is areboot and a few other options there wego and examples shutdown minus r plusthe system will be so you can put alittle message as well so anyone who'slogged in they'll get that message popup and it'll shut down so for now Ithink we'll leave it there I'll just dothe shutdown as I would do it minus rnow and it will gothere you go it's rebooting thank youfor coming along and and joining me onthis uhlearning FreeBSD course it will start toget a little bit more involved now as westart to to move along the commands andand what we can do I hope you've enjoyedit I hope you're learning because Icertainly am one I'm doing itas always don't forget to give it athumbs up if you like it and subscribedon't have to of course be nice if youdid this called server link down thereand as always I'll see you in the nextvideotake care