hey guys it's Greg with Apple explainedand today we're gonna explore thehistory of mac OS this topic was thesecond-place winner of last week'svoting poll and if you didn't get tovote make sure you're subscribed thatway the voting polls will show up rightin your mobile activity feed and you canlet me know which video you'd like tosee next so Apple is known for theirwell designed hardware but even morerecognizable are the advanced operatingsystems they create for their hardwareright now they ship four differentoperating systems for four differentlines of products TV OS for Apple TVwatch OS for Apple watch iOS for iPhoneiPad and iPod Touch and Mac OS for theMac they all provide an excellent userexperience and optimization for thehardware they run on but one operatingsystem stands out from the rest and thatis Mac OS because it's the oldest of thefour operating systems since it's beenaround for 18 years so let's go back toJanuary 1997 before Mac OS was evenpublicly available because this was whenApple announced their software roadmapfor the following years and one of thebiggest announcements was a newoperating system codenamed Rhapsody itwas the product that resulted from thenext acquisition with next step servingas the underlying architecture of theoperating system and Mac OS eightsPlatinum UI overlaid on top of itbecause it was a dramatically newoperating system previous Mac OS appsweren't compatible with it and betatesters were ultimately stuck with ahandful of stock apps Apple had includedin the software installation disk laterthis software was packaged and sold tosystem administrators on March 16 1999under the new name Mac OS 10 server 1.0and included a tool called classicenvironment which allowed users to runMac apps previously available in Mac OS8 now Apple saw the incredible responseto the technologies inside server 1.0and built a developer preview of Mac OS10 the operating system built foraverage consumers the first twodeveloper previews of OS 10 lookedreally similar to server 1.0 but thethird preview included an entirely newuser interfacenamed aqua which was clearly influencedby the fruity colorful iMac in iBookit featured glossy buttons pinstripesand all sorts of digital lustre nowrendering all these different elementsmay be easy for today's video cards inCPUs but back in early 2000 whenmachines had sixteen megabytes of videomemory it got pretty sluggish ARSTechnica's John Sarkis called aquaunbearably slow in a huge resource hogand after optimizing the user interfacea bit Apple released Mac OS 10 publicbeta codenamed Kodiak to the generalpublic via a cd-rom in September 2000 itcost $29 for an installation disk andwas primarily released to gatherfeedback from users and after listeningto what they had to sayApple tweaked more elements of the UIsquashed some bugs and optimized theoperating system's performance oncethings were cleaned up Apple releasedMac OS 10 point o cheetah to the publicin March 2001 and while it was alandmark release that doesn'tnecessarily mean it was an outstandingoperating system the Aqua user interfacewas still pretty slow compared to itscompetition kernel panics were quitecommon and it was missing criticalfeatures like a DVD player disc burninand printer driver support later on in2001 an incremental release called MacOS 10.1 Puma was shipped to address themajority of concerns users had with OS10 cheetahthe most notable improvement was thespeediness of the Aqua user interface itwas not only much quicker but differentelements were reorganized in streamlinedmaking the operating system moreintuitiveit also included features like DVDplayback disc burnin expanded printersupport and image capture for importingphotos from a digital camera which isstill around today it also marked thefirst release of Mac OS 10 to serve asthe default operating system for Mac'sright out of the box now less than ayear later after that release Apple wasready to give Mac OS 10 its first fullfeatured update called Mac OS 10.2Jaguar it was regarded as the firstversion of Mac OS 10 that Pro userscould pushit's limits the same way they could withOS 9 it solidified the decade-longtransition of naming Mac OS 10 releasesafter big cats and on posters of thedisk artwork for Jaguar the Romannumeral 10 featured 3d rendered furthanks to the folks at Pixar even one ofthe wallpapers was a Jaguar fur texturealong with many performanceoptimizations Jaguar also included over150 new user features including mp4support and QuickTime junk-mail flaggingin the mail app and a bettercompatibility with Windows althoughthere was something that Jaguar did nothave and that was the happy Mac startupicon now a little over a year afterJaguar the next update to Mac OS 10arrived this time called Panther it wasthe most substantial release to dateboasting hundreds of new featuresincluding a redesigned finder with asidebar for recently accessed drives infolders along with a much faster searchfield in brushed metal accents exposefor a one-click bird's-eye view of allactive windows and I chat av a videoconferencing app for the mass market nowPanther also came with a bunch ofupdated or branded new applications likea font book for installing and browsinginstalled typefaces xcode for appdevelopment and for the first timeApple's own web browser called Safaripreviously they were using a port ofMicrosoft's Internet Explorer and onceSafari was released it paved the way forother browsers to use it's incredibleopen source WebKit framework includingGoogle Chrome in 2008now Panther cost $130 for a single useupgrade which may seem pretty steepconsidering new releases of Mac OS todayare free but $130 was pretty reasonablecompared to the price of other operatingsystems like Windows now the nextrelease OS 10 point for Tiger wascritical for multiple reasons aside fromthe over 200 new features it was thefirst OS 10 release to break the annualrelease cycle since Tiger came out twoyears after Panther and Tiger droppedsupport for quite a few machines byrequiring a firewire port forinstallationit was also the release that powered thefirst Apple TV and served as theframework for the first iPhonesoperating system in 2007 finally it wasthe first public release to support twotypes of processors the legacy PowerPCarchitecture and the new Intelarchitecture that was used in newerMac's now Tiger introduced some reallyuseful features including spotlightsearch Dashboard widgets RSS support inSafari and unabridged virtual dictionaryand the classic photo booth applicationin Akko was improved even further withthe pinstripes being replaced by moresubtle glass and brush stainless steelelements Tiger was the longest-runningversion of Mac OS 10 with 11supplemental updates released over threeyears beginning in 2005 and ending in2007 when OS 10.5 leopard was releasedspeaking of which leopard had a bit ofan unconventional release since it wasdelayed twice likely because of theiPhone taking away resources from Macprojects but at Apple's 2006 WWDC theypreviewed a few features of Leopardwhich would be released a year later afew of those features were time machineand easy backup solution a much improvedmail app with no support and stationeryI chat AV with photo booth filtersspaces which organized your windows intodifferent desktops and support for64-bit applications now leopard wasfinally released in October 2007 andincluded even more new features thatweren't mentioned at the 2006 WWDC likea redesigned desktop and dock with more3d elements and file stacks bootcamp foreasy switching between Mac OS andWindows and quick look which allowedusers to press the spacebar to preview aselected item in finder now Mac OS 10Snow Leopard was the next update andit's regarded by many to this day as thesingle best Mac OS 10 release ever whilethe majority of the appeal of SnowLeopard were under the hood improvementslike a more responsive finder rewrittenin cocoa and sandboxapps for heightened security there werea number of visible improvements likeover 7 gigabytes of recovered disk spacewhen you upgrade from leopard theredesigned quick10 and the Mac App Store and I shouldalso mention that Snow Leopard was thefinal version of Mac OS 10 to be solelyreleased on physical disks because fromOS 10 lion and onwards the system couldonly be updated via the Mac App Storewith a small exception of Lion beingavailable on USB drives for a short timenow Mac OS 10.7 lion was released eightmonths after and I think this was one ofthe coolest updates in the modernhistory of OS 10 in a big reason why wasthat elements from iOS were finallybeing included in Mac OS things likeFaceTime was finally bundled in withLion mail and address book were reallyreminiscent of the iPads interface mostsystem apps gained autosave fullscreenand auto resumed there was system-wideimplementation of autocorrect and emojiPickers and multi-touch gestures wereimplemented across the entire operatingsystem and while some people consideredthis transformation to be dumbing downMac OS I'd argue that the features addedto Lion increased productivity by a verylarge margin also these new featurespropelled the Mac even further ahead ofits Windows counterpart there was alsothe introduction of airdrop for easyFile Sharing without the use of Wi-Fiand Mission Control which consolidatedspaces dashboard and expose now OS 10.8mountain lion further integrated iOS inwith a Mac in July 2012 by introducingNotification Center iMessage as areplacement for I chatGame Center reminders and notes appslike address book and iCal were renamedto contacts and calendar to better matchtheir iOS counterparts and Mac OS 10.9Mavericks was released a year latermaking it the second annual release inyearsApple joked on stage at WWDC 2013 thatthey'd run out of big cat names for newversions of Mac OS 10 so they decided touse names of California landmarksinstead the first being Mavericks nowthis upgrade was an incremental releasefeaturing improved performance andimproved battery life of MacBooks andhad achieved this by using a new memorymanagement technology called compressedmemorywhich according to Apple shrinksinactive data to keep your Mac fast andresponsive many other features wereincluded like iCloud keychain togenerate store and sync passwords andcredit card numbers tabbed windows andfile tagging and Finder the ability totake action on notifications directlyinside the banner and ported versions ofiBooks and maps it was also the firstversion of Mac OS in history to bereleased for free via the Mac App Storea year later at WWDC 2014 Mac OS 10point 10 Yosemite was introduced andreleased to developers although itfeatured a flatter user interface thatwas more in line with the now iconicdesign of iOS 7 it was pretty light onfeatures we got handoff which seamlesslyallows you to work on a document on onedevice and hand it off to another devicewithout skipping a beat and the abilityto take and place calls on the Mac viayour iPhone but that was pretty much itfeature wise in 2015 OS 10.11 El Capitaniterated upon the already minor Yosemiteupdate adding the metal API to makegraphically intense apps run smoother asystem-wide transition from theHelvetica typeface to San Francisco andpublic transport in the Maps app but thebig update wouldn't arrive until 2016with the release of Mac OS 10 point 12Sierra now there were quite a few thingsthat made this a major update first thename Mac OS 10 was simplified to Mac OSadopting the same naming scheme as theirother operating systems like iOS and DVOS also there were a lot of usefulproductivity features like Auto unlockwhich uses your Apple watch to detectwhen you are in close proximity andunlocks your Mac automatically Universalclipboard used Wi-Fi and Bluetooth toshare clipboard content between alldevices using your Apple ID we also gotpicture-in-picture for videos nightshiftseries support and the Apple file systemwhich allows solid state and flash basedMac's to use more complex file systemfeatures like snapshot for file recoveryand system encryption now the followingupdate in 2017 was called high sierraand introduced new features like HIVsee video support metal to EGP yousupport for some max with Thunderbolt 3ports although high seer was completelydevoid of any visible end-user featuresbut fortunately this year's release ofMac OS is a much different storysince 2018 brought maca West Mojaveeasily the most Pro focused release ofMac OS in a whileMojave introduced a full dark modetoggle and System Preferences to reduceeye strain at night and new dynamicwallpapers were included to sort ofcomplement dark mode Stax has beenexpanded from the dock to the desktop toreduce clutter and help withorganization FaceTime now supports up to32 people in a video call the App Storewas redesigned to better align with theiOS App Store and for iOS apps wereincluded as Mac versions to demo howseamless porting apps from iOS to Mac OSwill become so Mac OS has evolveddramatically over its 18 years on themarket and trying to predict where it'sheaded is almost impossiblesome people believe Apple is trying tomerge iOS and Mac OS but Applethemselves dismissed that claimpersonally I think Mac computers willalways have their own operating systemoptimized for it but we'll continue tosee iOS and Mac OS become more deeplyintegrated in reasonable ways that makeusing Apple products even more seamlessso that is the history of Mac OS and ifyou want to vote for the next videotopic don't forget to subscribe thanksfor watching and I'll see you next time[Music]