Ongolo predecessor?

Bushmen hunters, specialists of animals imitating, have great rituals: N!ang djxani (eland antelope dance), G!o'e djxani (oryx antelope dance), N!hai djxani (lion dance), /Xo' djxani (elephant dance), =Oah djxani (giraffe dance), =hoe djxani (healing dance), //'Ai djxani (grass dance). Bantu people from Southern Angola, like Nhaneca-Humbe and Herero ethnic groups, were influenced by Bushmen culture. When Portuguese traders shipped slaves in Benguela, French traders shipped slaves in Novo Rodondo, between slaves were Bantu tribes from Quilengues, Mucope, Mulondo.

There are many aspects of culture transformation between Africa and America. Brazilian word "senzala" (small building, hut, home of slaves, where they cultivated secretely their culture, outside master's house) is in fact Kimbundu word "sanzala" ("village"), "mocambo" (runaway slave community, village) comes from "mukambo" ("hideout"), "quilombo" (large runaway slave town consisting of few mocambos in hard accessible area) and "quilombola" (runaway slave) come from Kimbundu word "kilombo" ("capital"), "zumbi" (chieftain in a runaway slave camp, or "evil spirit", for example man born in 1655 in Palmares - today in Alagoas state, baptised by António Melo missionary as Francisco, was titled Zumbi dos Palmares) comes from "nzumbi" ("ancestar spirit"), "Mangangá" (powerful medicine man, name spread also to nickname of Manoel Henrique Pereira from Santo Amaro da Purifição, called Besouro Preto "Cordão de Ouro" Manganga) comes from Kikongo "nganga" ("ritual specialist"), "banguela" (person, who has no teeth) is the ethnonym Banguela (African ethnic group known for the ceremonial custom of extracting their teeth).

Brazilian Portuguese language has also interesting words derived from Tupi-Guarani languages, for example: "jaguar" comes from Tupi "îagûar", "tapir" comes from Tupi "tapyr", "piranha" comes from Tupi "pirá" ("fish") + "añã" ("devil"). "Pará" (river and state in Brazil) comes from Tupi-Guarani "pará" ("great river", "sea"), "Paraná" (river and state in Brazil) comes from Tupi "pará" ("great river", "sea") + anã ("like", "as"). "Urú" means in Guarani bird, especially Spot-winged Wood-Quail, named "Odontophorus capueira" in 1825 by German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix (1781-1826). "Carib" (person from Caribbean) comes from Tupi "karaĩb" ("spirit of a dead person", "foreigner", "white man"), "Carioca" (person from Rio de Janeiro) comes from Tupi "karaĩ'" ("white man") + "oca" ("house"), "Caatinga" (an eco-region in northeastern Brazil with characteristic forest, where live 15 million poor people, located between 3°S 45°W and 17°S 35°W) comes from Tupi "kaá" (dry scrubland, bush, forest, wood) + tínga ("white"), "Capoeiruçu" (village in Bahia state at 12°34'60 S 38°58'0 W, 40.4Km from Cachoeira) comes from Kaá (dry scrubland, jungle, bush) + puéra (which was, that has been) + oçú (big, large, great, wide, grand, extensive, bulky), "Capivara" (capybara, the largest living rodent in the world) comes from Old Tupi "kaapĩ" ("grass", "bush") + "ûara" ("eater"), and from Guaraní "kapi" ("grass") + "ÿva" ("master"). "Capoeira" (dead bush, burnt dry scrubland) comes from Old Tupi "kaapĩ" (grass, plant, ivy) + "ûera" (old, dead, bad), or from mentioned above "Kaá" (dry scrubland, forest, bush, plant) + "puéra" (marker of past tense), "caboclo" or "caboco" (mixed race man living in forest, especially a person of mixed Brazilian Amerindian and European descent) comes from Tupi "Kaá" ("forest") + "boc" ("who came from").

But there are also words or sentences of mixed origin, for example "Caboclo de Aruanda", in free translation "Mixed Amer-Indian from Luanda". "Aruanda" is in this context a mythical forest realm, otherworld, where in harmony coexist forest spirits of Amer-Indian caboclos, Minkisi of Bakongo and Songye people of Congo Basin, Orishas of Nago nation (Lucumi, Oyo Yoruba people), etc.

Category:

Music

Tags:

• quilengues
• mulondo
• mucope
• ongolo
• caboclo
• aruanda

[Alessandrobrs]

The origin of the word "capoeira" is a word from Tupi language (native brazilian indians), which means vegetation that grows after putting a forest down.

[neuroanimal]

You are partially right. Tupi-Guaraní cluster have two main subclusters: Tupi and Guaraní. "Dry scrubland, forest, bush, vegetation, grass, plant" - may be: "kaapĩ" or "kaá" (in Tupi languages), "kapi" (in Guaraní languages). "Marker of past tense" is "puéra"; "old, dead, bad" is "ûera" (in Tupi languages). Origin of Portuguese word "capoeira" may be Tupian "kaapĩ+ûera" (dead bush) or it's counterpart in Guaraní languages, or Tupian "kaá+puéra" (old forest).

[neuroanimal]

Phrase similar to your "vegetation that grows after putting a forest down" exists in Polish books: "kapoeira despite lack of bigger trees is pygmy forest with entangled high grass, bush, shrub" ("Rio de Oro" Arkady Fiedler), "Kapueira - young small forest regrowing in place of old forest, which was put down. Kapueiras are fired up from time to time, because of ashes helping in make fertile ground for fresh sow" ("Tętniący step" Bolesław Mrówczyński).

[jmckaskle]

This Youtube video shows you this group performing a tradition that is known to be the predecessor to Capoeira. Albano Neves e Souza published drawings of the techniques establishing the first clear link. Research, including that above, that of Dr. TJ Desch Obi, and others have established the African Origins as a fact.

[jmckaskle]

It was created by African slaves who carried with them the above tradition. More movements were added to it, the music changed, and the name changed.

[dderudito]

@FeydTaylor I'm agree!

There is a relationship between capoeira and some africa cultures, but not with bushmen's culture. Anyway, the capoeira's game emerge in Brazil, most probably, in quilombos (runaway slave settlement). Notwithstading, there are many who say capoeira was made in senzala (house or huts, where slaves were put in).

[FeydTaylor]

@NeoBaku I am sorry but you are wrong. what you saw was N'golo the parent system of capoeira. capoeira was made in Brazil to escape slavery. I have trained capoeira for 7 years now. my mestre who told me the history has trained for 26 years. and his Mestre who I have met has trained for 50 years. so I am sorry but you are %100 wrong about capoeira not coming from brazil. you may have witnessed N'golo but that does not qualify you to say you know the history of capoeira. no hard feelings. =D

[NeoBaku]

@Alessandrobrs Strange assertion, seeing that I have personally witnessed several Capoeira Fights on the African continent and in other parts of the world as well. Most recently I was invited to a game of Bassula in E. Kongo. It was Capoeira and had no Brazilian influences whatsoever. Most of the practitioners had never heard of Brazil.

[Alessandrobrs]

(CAPOEIRA Maculelê)is a dance that tells the story of the enslaved Africans who worked the sugarcane plantations in Brasil. The sugar cane was cut with machetes, and in the Maculele dance, dancers click machete blades rhythmically within the dance. Sometimes sticks are used instead of machete blades, however it is understood the sticks symbolize the machetes used to cut the sugarcane in the time of slavery.

[Alessandrobrs]

(CAPOEIRA SAMBA DE RODA)

Performed by many capoeira groups, samba de roda is a traditional Afro-Brazilian dance & musical form that has been associated with capoeira for many years. The orchestra is composed by pandeiro (tambourine), atabaque (drum), berimbau-viola (berimbau with the smallest cabaça and the highest pitch), chocalho (rattle - a percussion instrument), accompanied by singing and clapping. Samba de roda is considered the primitive form of modern Samba.

[Alessandrobrs]

(CAPOEIRAContemporânea) is a term for groups that train multiple styles of capoeira simultaneously. Very often students of Capoeira Contemporânea train elements of Regional and Angola as well as newer movements that would not fall under either of those styles.

[Alessandrobrs]

(CAPOEIRA Regional) is the more common form of Capoeira, it is practiced much more widely in Brazil. Capoeira Regional was developed by Reis Machado (Mestre Bimba) to make capoeira more effective and bring it closer to its fighting origins, and less associated with the criminal elements of Brazil.

[Alessandrobrs]

STYLES OF CAPOEIRA

Capoeira Angola is considered to be the more dance-like form of capoeira[citation needed] and is often characterized by deeply held traditions, sneakier movements and with the players playing their games in closer proximity to each other than in regional or contemporanea

[MokamboFilho]

THATS TRUE!

[aguiladplata]

I agree with you Alessandra, how sad to see the "Angoleiros" burying their true history for the sake of legend. Because claiming Capoeira as sincretic and the result of an african sincretism, is no prejudice to the arican roots of the art. As a capoerista i´m even more proud of it´s history of survival through sincretism, just as candomblé or Jazz than claiming some "racial" purity, that even sounds a little facist. Peace my angoleiros friends.