Fetal alcohol syndrome is among the most common known causes of mental retardation and as such, it is a major public health problem.
Lecturer
Dr. Ed Riley
Department of Psychology
San Diego State University
Center for Behavior Teratology
6363 Alverado Court, Suite 209
San Diego, Ca 92120
Editor
Dr. Carrie Randall
Medical University of South Carolina
Institute of Psychiatry
Center for Drug & Alcohol Programs
171 Ashley Avenue
Charleston, SC 29425-0742
References
Stratton, K., Howe, C., & Battaglia, F. (1996). Fetal alcohol syndrome: Diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Streissguth, A. P. (1997). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Guide for Families and Communities. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
Jones, K. L., & Smith, D. W. (1973). Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy. Lancet, 2, 999-1001.
Jones, K. L., Smith, D. W., Ulleland, C. N., & Streissguth, A. P. (1973). Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers. Lancet, 1, 1267-1271.
Lemoine, P., Harousseau, H., Borteyru, J.-P., & Menuet, J.-C. (1968). Les enfants de parents alcooliques: Anomalies observees. A propos de 127 cas [Children of alcoholic parents: Abnormalities observed in 127 cases]. Ouest Medical, 21, 476-482.
Rosett, H. L. a. W., L. (1984). Alcohol and the Fetus: A Clinical Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
Egeland G, Perham-Hester KA, Gessner BD, Ingle D, Berner JE,Middaugh JP. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Alaska, 1977 through 1992: An administrative prevalence derived from multiple data sources. American Journal of Public Health. 1998. 88(5): 781-786. Aberdeen IHS Area (1995) MMWR. vol 44(#):253-261.
BDMP (1995): MMWR Vol. 44(13):249-253.
Atlanta, Ga. (1997) MMWR Vol. 46(47): 1118-1120.
Sampson, P. D., Streissguth, A. P., Bookstein, F. L., Little, R. E., Clarren, S. K., Dehaene, P., Hanson, J. W., & Graham, J. M., Jr. (1997). Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and prevalence of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Teratology, 56(5), 317-326. Stratton, K., Howe, C., & Battaglia, F. (1996). Fetal alcohol syndrome: Diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Institute of Medicine: 1996 Clinic-based (page 89), American Indian/Alaskan Native (page 88)May, P., Viljoen, D., Gossage, J., Brooke, L., Croxford, J. (1999). An epidemiological analysis of data from children with fetal alcohol syndrome and controls in Wellington, South Africa. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 23 (5), 110A.May, P., Viljoen, D., Gossage, J., Brooke, L., Croxford, J (1999). An update on the maternal risk factors associated with the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in Wellington, South Africa. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 23 (5), 91A
Streissguth, A. P. (1994). A long-term perspective of FAS , Alcohol Health & Research World (Vol. 18, pp. 74-81).
Clarren, S. K. (1986). Neuropathology in fetal alcohol syndrome. In J. R. West (Ed.), Alcohol and Brain Development (pp. 158-166). New York: Oxford University Press.
Roebuck, T.M., Mattson, S.N., and Riley, E.P. (1998). A review of the neuroanatomical findings in children with fetal alcohol syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 22 (2),339-344.
Mattson, S. N., Jernigan, T. L., & Riley, E. P. (1994a). MRI and prenatal alcohol exposure. Alcohol Health & Research World, 18(1), 49-52.
Archibald, S.L., Fennema-Notestine, C., Gamst, A., Riley, E.P., Mattson, S.N., and Jernigan, T.L. (submitted, 2000). Brain dysmorphology in individuals with severe prenatal alcohol exposure.
Mattson, S. N., Jernigan, T. L., & Riley, E. P. (1994a). MRI and prenatal alcohol exposure. Alcohol Health & Research World, 18(1), 49-52.
Mattson, S. N., & Riley, E. P. (1995). Prenatal exposure to alcohol: What the images reveal. Alcohol Health & Research World, 19(4), 273-277.
Riley, E. P., Mattson, S. N., Sowell, E. R., Jernigan, T. L., Sobel, D. F., & Jones, K. L. (1995). Abnormalities of the corpus callosum in children prenatally exposed to alcohol. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 19(5), 1198-1202.
Streissguth AP, Aase JM, Clarren SK, Randels SP, LaDue RA, Smith DF (1991). Fetal alcohol syndrome in adolescents and adults. Journal of the American Medical Association 265:1961-1967.
Mattson, S.N., Riley, E.P., Gramling, L., Delis, D.C., and Jones, K.L. (1997). Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure with or without physical features of fetal alcohol syndrome leads to IQ deficits. Journal of Pediatrics, 131 (5), 718-721.
Mattson, S.N. and Riley, E.P. (1998). A review of the neurobehavioral deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 22 (2), 279-294.
Public domain video.
When you're an adult, you should be smart enough to discern what's good and bad for your health and the health of your children. If you choose to disregard that knowledge and drink while pregnant, the consequences are your fault, not the government, and not the corporation. We're free to make our own choices, don't blame the "higher ups" for your own stupidity.