The Kingdom of Lesotho is a small, mountainous, extremely poor country where more than half of the 1.9 million mostly rural inhabitants live below the poverty line. It has the third highest HIV prevalence in the world and the fourth highest tuberculosis incidence (637/100 000 per year) worldwide. Each year approximately 18,000 people die (about 1% of the population) due to AIDS-related complications, including TB and Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB). The HIV-TB co-infection rate for Lesotho stands at an alarming 90% and the crushing burden of the HIV/AIDS epidemic is the leading cause of death in Basotho society.
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