Uploaded by thefilmarchive on Nov 21, 2010
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The presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower began at noon on January 20, 1953; Eisenhower's tenure in office was the first of any president to commence on that day and time as prescribed by the Twentieth Amendment. He defeated Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 U.S. presidential election. Ike, as he was popularly known, was the second president to have televised press conferences. His foreign policy was dominated by the Cold War. Most domestic affairs were left to his cabinet, though Eisenhower promoted an act which started the Interstate Highway System. He suffered both a heart attack and mild stroke during his presidency, which ended on January 20, 1961.
Eisenhower believed that a free enterprise economy should run itself, and he took little interest in domestic policy. While his 1952 landslide gave the Republicans control of both houses of the Congress, Eisenhower believed that taxes could not be cut until the budget was balanced. "We cannot afford to reduce taxes, [and] reduce income," he said, "until we have in sight a program of expenditure that shows that the factors of income and outgo will be balanced." Eisenhower kept the national debt low and inflation near zero.
There were three recessions during Eisenhower's administration — July 1953 through May 1954, August 1957 through April 1958, and April 1960 through February 1961. Real GDP growth averaged just 2.5% over those eight years. Eisenhower allowed the recessions to occur, to wring out the inflation of wartime. Under the Eisenhower administration the economy had greatly expanded, with the DOW beginning at 288 and soaring all the way to 634.
The Democrats regained control in the 1954 Senate and House elections, limiting his freedom of action on domestic policy. He forged a good relationship with Congressional leaders, particularly House Speaker Sam Rayburn.
On June 17, 1954, Eisenhower launched Operation Wetback in response to increasing illegal immigration to the United States. As many as three million illegal immigrants had crossed the U.S. Mexican border to work in California, Arizona, Texas and other states. Eisenhower opposed this movement, believing that it lowered the wages of American workers and led to corruption. The Immigration and Naturalization Service sent back to Mexico about 80,000 immigrants. (Press releases about one million were not verified and could have been larger or smaller)
Eisenhower appointed a Cabinet of nine "businessmen and a plumber," and gave them wide latitude in handling domestic affairs. He allowed them to take credit for domestic policy and allow him to concentrate on foreign affairs. In 1957, however, he sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas after Governor Orval Faubus attempted to defy a Supreme Court ruling that ordered the desegregation of all public schools. The soldiers escorted nine African-American students, who became known as the Little Rock Nine, to Little Rock Central High School. He wrote legislation that would create a Civil Rights Commission in the executive branch and a civil rights department in the Justice Department, along with protecting voting rights; Nixon stepped in to break a filibuster in the Senate.
Democrats attacked Eisenhower for not taking a public stand against Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-communist campaigns. Privately he held McCarthy in contempt, saying, "I just won't get down in the gutter with that man." Eisenhower worked behind the scenes to weaken McCarthy, and helped cause his downfall in 1954.
Eisenhower promoted the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, which created the United States' Interstate Highways. It was the largest public works program in U.S. history, providing a 41,000-mile highway system. Eisenhower had been impressed during the war with the German Autobahn system, and also recalled his own involvement in a military convoy in 1919 that took 62 days to cross the U.S. Another achievement was a 20% increase in family income during his presidency, of which he was very proud.
Eisenhower retained his popularity throughout his presidency. In 1956, he was re-elected by an even wider margin than in 1952, again defeating Stevenson, and carrying such traditional Democratic states as Texas and Tennessee.
Eisenhower had mixed feelings about his Vice-President, Richard Nixon, and only reluctantly endorsed him as the Republican candidate at the 1960 Presidential election. Nixon campaigned against Kennedy on the great experience he had acquired in eight years as Vice President, but when Eisenhower was asked to name a decision Nixon had been responsible for in that time, he replied (intending a joke): "Give me a week and I might think of something." This was a blow to Nixon, and he blamed Eisenhower for his narrow loss to Kennedy.
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He'd shit his pants to see an ipad. I bet. Crazy shit
TheSoaDShreds 3 weeks ago
We need his kind of thinking now more than ever
TheSoaDShreds 3 weeks ago
Fuck yea. I do anything to go kick it with Eisenhower
TheSoaDShreds 3 weeks ago