Tibet, China -- Ownership of Tibet, Part Two #002

Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)
In the early 13th century, Genghis Khan, leader of the Mongols, established the Mongol Khanate in north China. In 1247 Sagya Pandit Gonggar Gyamcan, religious leader of Tibet, met the Mongol Prince Gotan at Liangzhou (present-day Wuwei of Gansu, China) and decided on terms for Tibetan submission to the Mongols, including presentation of map and census books, payment of tributes, and the acceptance of rule by appointed officials. The Tibetan work Sagya Genealogy written in 1629 includes Sagya Pandit's letter to the religious and secular leaders in the various parts of Tibet that they must pledge allegiance to the Mongols and accept the regional administrative system prescribed for Tibet. The regime of the Mongol Khanate changed its title to Yuan in 1271 and unified the whole of China in 1279, establishing a central government, which, following the Han (206 BC-220) and Tang dynasties, achieved great unification of various regions and races within the domain of China. Tibet became an administrative region directly under the administration of the central government of China's Yuan Dynasty.

The Yuan emperor established the Xuanzheng Yuan or Ministry for the Spread of Governance to directly handle important military and political affairs of the Tibet region. Choice of its members lay with the emperor and its reports were submitted directly to the monarch. Yuanshi, the chief minister having real authority in the Xuanzheng Yuan, was a post generally held concurrently by the right-hand prime minister of the central government who was in charge of the whole nation's governmental affairs.

In the Tibetan region, local military and administrative organs were set up under the name of the High Pacification Commissioner's Office, which was under the Xuanzheng Yuan. Under the jurisdiction of this office were 13 wanhu offices (myriarchies each in command of 10,000 households) and more qianhu offices (chiliarchies each in command of 1,000 households) handling civil administration. The names of these organizations and official posts were decided by the central government of the Yuan Dynasty. It also had troops stationed in Tibet. A royal prince and his descendents were stationed on the eastern border of Tibet at the head of an army. When Tibet was enmeshed in trouble, the prince could enter the area from nearby garrison to perform his duty of guarding the security of the border region. In 1290, when the head of a wanhu office rose in rebellion, the central government of the Yuan Dynasty dispatched the prince into Tibet at the head of his army to put it down.

The central government of the Yuan Dynasty sent officials into Tibet to set up post stations, whose size varied according to the local population, topography and resources. These post stations were linked up in a communication line extending from Tibet up to Dadu (present-day Beijing).

The central government of the Yuan Dynasty also dispatched officials into Tibet to conduct censuses, establish the number of corvee laborers in areas under various wanhu offices and decide the number of corvee laborers, provisions and animal transport the areas along the post route had to supply. Such censuses were conducted three times in Tibet, in 1268, 1287 and 1334. The Tibetan work History From the Han and Tibetan Sources records them in detail.

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[jamyangjay]

im sorry but yuan dynasty was a mongol dynasty...they ruled china and kicked their chinese's ass.....tibet was never part of china...

[MickCorgi]

Mongolians and Manchurians worshiped Tibet and Lama Buddhism under the territorial protectorate. But the problem lies that CCP is denouncing religion and oppress people who seek spiritual mind. It's sad to see the "Vatican of Asia" is wiped out by the chaotic Han Race. After the cultural revolution, all the temples in China turned now a tacky gold plated idol worship place where people only pray for money.

[mh31223]

The fact that Yuan dynasty was Chinese does not mean the locals liked the way they goverened China.

Kubalai Khan followed all the traditional rituals in becoming a Chinese emperor and followed the Chinese way of life. He became more and more Chinese.

The fact Kubalia chose a Chinese character to name his dynasty and moved the Mongol capital to Beijing should be obvious enough already. This ain't very hard to understand.

[ChenHung86]

Yeah, yeah, Like I say you will never be convinced. Its so clear that Yuan was chinese that even Hongwu stated 'Exiling the Mongols and Restoring Hua (華)'

[mh31223]

That is why the Yuan Dynasty didnt last very long as compared to the QIng dynasty - "all the positions in court was held by Mongolians and other nomads.

They didnt trust the Chinese and did not treat them equally.

However It is clear both Qing and Yuan are Chinese dynasties.

[ChenHung86]

By the way I guess you will never be connvinced anyway. soon it will be chinese new year so let us just stop arguing,

Happy new year of the Ox!!!!!!!

[ChenHung86]

Beijing was named Dadu at that time, but the city had not been controlled by han-chinese dynastyes since Tang dynasty.

Liao Empire (khitan people), Jin Empire and eventually the mongols under Genghis Khan controlled the 16 prefecture where beijing were located

[mh31223]

"All the highest position in the court and the administration was held was by mongolians or other nomadic people."

Yes that is correct but does not contradict to what I said in my previous post.

The fact they moved the capital to Beijing shows a lot of their intentions. You dont see the British empire moving their capital to Mumbai.

Kubalai Khan became accustomed to the Chinese way of life. He is no different to the Chinese Mongolians today living in Inner Mongolia.

[ChenHung86]

Give one example of a chinese movie or Tv-series which potraited the mongolians as righteous ruler og Zhong Guo? The first emperor of Ming dynasty, Hongwu, claimed that he had restored China. His motto was 'Exiling the Mongols and Restoring Hua (華)'

[ChenHung86]

Besides the rulers of Ming dynasty hated mongolian culture and tried to eradict everything mongolian, t