{I} Endogenous Retroviruses: Life-Cycle and Ancestral Implications

Second Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kfLo4Wd6cc

First Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIAd8Zx_JKY

The script for this video is an article I wrote for my website:
ERVs: http://www.evolutionarymodel.com/ervs.htm
Homepage: http://evolutionarymodel.com/

Series References:

Download zipped folder of PDFs: http://www.mediafire.com/file/eutzygv5okt/erv_refs.zip

Anderssen, S., E. Sjøttem, G. Svineng, and T. Johansen. "Comparative Analyses of LTRs of the ERV-H Family of Primate-Specific Retrovirus-like Elements Isolated from Marmoset, African Green Monkey, and Man." Virology 234.1 (1997): 14-30.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9234943

Belshaw, R., V. Pereira, A. Katzourakis, G. Talbot, J. Paces, A. Burt, and M. Tristem. "Long-term reinfection of the human genome by endogenous retroviruses." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101.14 (2004): 4894-899.
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=...

Boeke, J. D., and J. P. Stoye. "Retrotransposons, endogenous retroviruses and the evolution of retroelements." (1997). In. Coffin, J. M., S. H. Hughes, and H. E. Varmus. Retroviruses. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1997.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=rv.chapter.3430

Cann, Alan. "Retroviruses." MicrobiologyBytes. Web. 26 Oct. 2009.
http://www.microbiologybytes.com/virology/Retroviruses.html

Cohen, C. J., W. M. Lock, and D. L. Mager. "Endogenous retroviral LTRs as promoters for human genes: a critical assessment." Gene 448.2 (2009): 105-14.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19577618

Dangel, A. W., B. J. Baker, A. R. Mendoza, and C. Y. Yu. "Complement component C4 gene intron 9 as a phylogenetic marker for primates: long terminal repeats of the endogenous retrovirus ERV-K(C4) are a molecular clock of evolution." Immunogenetics 42.1 (1995): 41-52.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7797267

Dunlap, K. A., M. Palmarini, M. Varela, R. C. Burghardt, K. Hayashi, J. L. Farmer, and T. E. Spencer. "Endogenous retroviruses regulate periimplantation placental growth and differentiation." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 103.39 (2006): 14390-5.
http://www.pnas.org/content/103/39/14390.full

Hughes, J. F., and J. M. Coffin. "Human endogenous retroviral elements as indicators of ectopic recombination events in the primate genome." Genetics 171 (2005): 1183-194.
http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/abstract/genetics.105.043976v1

International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. "Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome." Nature 409.6822 (2001): 860-921.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v409/n6822/full/409860a0.html

Johnson, W. E., and J. M. Coffin. "Constructing primate phylogenies from ancient retrovirus sequences USA." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96.18 (1999): 10254-0260.
http://www.pnas.org/content/96/18/10254.full

Lebedev, Y. B., O. S. Belonovitch, N. V. Zybrova, P. P. Khil, S. G. Kurdyukov, T. V. Vinogradova, G. Hunsmann, and E. D. Sverdlov. "Differences in HERV-K LTR insertions in orthologous loci of humans and great apes." Gene 247.1-2 (2000): 265-77.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10773466?dopt=Abstract

Mitchell, R. S., B. F. Beitzel, A. R. Schroder, P. Shinn, H. Chen, C. C. Berry, J. R. Ecker, and F. D. Bushman. "Retroviral DNA integration: ASLV, HIV, and MLV show distinct target site preferences." PLoS Biology 2.E234 (2004).
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=...

Polavarapu, N., N. J. Bowen, and J. F. McDonald. "Identification, characterization and comparative genomics of chimpanzee endogenous retroviruses." Genome Biology 7.R51 (2006).
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1779541

Skinner, L. M., M. Sudol, A. L. Harper, and M. Katzman. "Nucleophile Selection for the Endonuclease Activities of Human, Ovine, and Avian Retroviral Integrases." Journal of Biological Chemistry 276.1 (2001): 114-24.
http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/276/1/114

Murcia, P. R., F. Arnaud, and M. Palmarini. "The transdominant endogenous retrovirus enJS56A1 associates with and blocks intracellular trafficking of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus Gag." J Virol. 81.4 (2007): 1762-72.
http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/81/4/1762

Steinhuber, S., M. Brack, G. Hunsmann, H. Schwelberger, M. P. Dierich, and W. Vogetseder. "Distribution of human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K genomes in humans and different primates." Human Genetics 96.2 (1995): 188-92.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7635468

Targeting HIV replication. Boehringer Ingelheim. Web. 3 Nov. 2009.
http://hiv.boehringer-ingelheim.com/com/HIV/Information_material/popup_video1...

Category:

Science & Technology

Tags:

• DNA
• endogenous
• retroviruses
• ERVs
• evidence
• common
• ancestry
• evolution
• evolutionary
• model
• theory
• Darwin

[TheRationalizer]

Chances of a chimp genome having an infection in the same place, 1 in 3,000,000.

Changes of 7 = 1 in 3,000,000 to the power of 7, which is

1 in 2,187,000,000,000,000,000,000,­000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00­0,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

And that's not taking into account that there is more than one type of retrovirus which could occupy those locations and yet they are the same ERV in each case.

It also doesn't account for being infected at the same point in time.

Common ancestor :)

[averagehomosapien]

Very cool, although you need a fairly solid background in biology to be able to understand this.

[knowwaie]

Yay propaganda.

[hamzah938]

ATTENTION : (TheRationalizer) - Your use of the 'F' word, then blocking me from commenting on your channel was an act of a coward. And your accusation of 'threat by proxy' was merely an age-old attempt to avoid certain defeat from my logic. ----------> TOUCHDOWN CELEBRATION <-------- IN YOUR FACE !

[dookiecheez]

Abwuhhhh??? You sort of lost me.

I understood maybe half of the Retro viral insertion replication process.

[dj2baduk]

Excellent vid - well done

[ASKaPHYSICIST]

Do you have a version of this in layman's terms?

[Ixions42]

Could this have been the answer Richard Dawkins was looking for when he got stumped? Since this is the introduction of new information into a genome

[JPO1618]

Glad to see these back up. Hope they and you stay up this time. Thanks for the very useful contribution.