Tinkunaco or Encounter Festival, unique to La Rioja, Argentina
A ceremony commemorating the peace between the Spanish Diaguitas and spanning more than 300 years.
The Tinkunaco, is a Quechua word that means meeting, merger or mixture, is the festival that is celebrated in the city of La Rioja between 31 December and 3 January.
In this event, the Riojanos relive the events in the Easter of 1593, when diaguitas burdened with unbearable treatment given by the Spanish, could not endure this treatment and decided to attack the city.
Weapons stationed in the fort of The Padercitas were insufficient to resist the attack of more than 9000 original settlers led by 45 chiefs of many other towns.
As the story goes, at this point the Spanish turned to the offices of San Francisco Solano, who managed to restore peace by going to meet the natives as he played his violin and took a picture of baby Jesus. Thereafter, the image was known as the picture of Boy Mayor.
The Jesuit fathers had the idea to perform a religious ceremony to remember these facts every December 31 to 12 hours, the day it was customary to change the Spanish authorities of the place.
On day 31, a procession leaves the church of St. Francis of Assisi composed of Aillis (brotherhood in which organized the diaguitas), devoted to the Mayor Niño (Child Jesus), which carry its image in the procession.
The Aillis (Quechua which means victory, victory) have a kind of scapular they cover the chest and back, decorated with trinkets and mirrors and in front of a headband hanging red ribbons from the back.
The Inca presides over (renewed by heredity) that sings to the tune of the box and bow an old hymn. These elements correspond to those used by the Inca of Peru.
From the start Alfereces Cathedral (brotherhood in which organized the Spanish). On her dress day, wears a band on the chest and back left to the right shoulder, and carry a flag taken in the form of balloons, and the flag is lowered in times of peace. Are chaired by the Alferez Mayor (an elected position that is renewed every year) who is accompanied by 12 Apostles and 12 Candidates with their corresponding standards.
At 12 o'clock there is the "Tinkunaco" or "encounter" of two processions in front of the Government House. The image of St. Nicholas, with all the people together, kneels in front of the child three times, recognizing him, the Lord, while Aillis sing their traditional songs.
Then the child is brought to Mayor's Cathedral, where he remained three days.
On Jan. 3, opposite the Government House, San Nicolas Mayor dismisses the Child, whose image is returned to the convent of San Francisco while he then returns to St. Nicholas Cathedral, dedicated to St. Nicholas of Bari, patron of the diocese.
Los padres Jesuitas tuvieron la ocurrencia de realizar una ceremonia religiosa que recordara estos hechos cada 31 de diciembre, a las 12 horas, día en que era costumbre cambiar las autoridades españolas del lugar.
El día 31, una procesión sale desde el templo de San Francisco de Asís integrada por los AILLIS (cofradía en que se organizaron los diaguitas), devotos del Niño Alcalde (Jesús Niño), que portan su imagen en la procesión.
Los AILLIS (voz quechua que significa triunfo, victoria) llevan una especie de escapulario que les cubre el pecho y parte de la espalda, adornado con dijes y espejitos y en la frente, una vincha de la que penden hacia atrás cintas coloradas.
Los preside el Inca (cargo renovado hereditariamente) que canta al compás de su caja y del arco un antiguo himno. Estos elementos responden a los que usaba el Inca del Perú.
Desde la Iglesia Catedral parten los ALFÉRECES (cofradía en la que se organizaron los españoles). Sobre su traje de día, visten una banda sobre el pecho y la espalda del hombro izquierdo al derecho, y portan una bandera tomada en forma de globos como bandera arriada en tiempos de paz. Están presididos por el Alférez Mayor (cargo electivo que se renueva todos los años) quién es acompañado por 12 Apóstoles y 12 Aspirantes con sus correspondientes estandartes.
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