rumi ghazal 1326: village of love is made of stone مولانا:عاشقی و آنگہانی نام

Rumi03: The People who Influenced Him...02: The Life and Death of Hussain bin Mansur (Mansur Hallaj)...02

THE TWO TRIALS AND IMPRISONMENT: In 298 AH, on the order of the Vizir وزیر , soldiers went to his home to arrest him, but somebody from the officials had warned him and he escaped in time. He was ultimately arrested from Sus (Ahwaz) in 301 and put to trial. The Vizir slapped him, shaved his beard and had him and one of his friends tied to the gallows for 3 days. A public crier proclaimed that he was an apostle of Qarmathians قرامطۃ (which was not true). He remained a very ascetic Hanbali till his end. He followed the strict asceticism he had learned from Sahl Tustari in his early years. He prayed 400 raka every day and did ablution before every prayer. He slept very little at night. He was put in prison following the public humiliation, where he remained till his death, about 8 years later. He was able to correspond to his disciples and write his works from inside the prison.

That was a time of great social upheavals in the Abbasid Caliphate, mostly due to unjust policies and the greed of government officials. Suddenly the things got worse in 308 with revolutionary riots in Baghdad in which many soldiers were killed. Hanbalites were in revolt. They had been severely persecuted by the extremist Mutazilites المعتزلہ less than a hundred years ago in the inquisition during Caliph al-Mamuns time. Now government officials started collecting evidence against Hallaj. An especially objectionable book signed allegedly by Hallaj also appeared. In 308-309 the Vizir was a cunning, greedy, and treacherous person named Hamid حامد . His hatred for Hallaj was longstanding and he had grilled him at his arrest in 301. Two of Hallajs disciples, Dabbas, and Awariji turned against him. Awarijis pamphlet about tricks of Hallaj set in motion events leading to his second trial in 309. First Hamid had Hallaj moved to his own custody.

The second trial of 40 days saw widespread disorder in Baghdad. Among his friends, Ibn Ata ابن عطا , openly defended him till the end. He led the demonstrations in which he openly prayed against the Vizir. Hamid had him arrested, following which he was beaten to death (14 day prior to the execution of Hallaj). At one stage Hamid had a meeting with the judges and he asked them if they were willing to condemn him to death. Not all agreed, so in a later court session Hallaj was asked a question about his views on Hajj. After his answer, a judge (Abu Umar ابو عمر ) asked him the basis of his answer. He said it was from Kitab-al Akhlas کتاب الاخلاص of Hasan Basri حسن بصری . In response, the judge accused him of falsehood and declared that it was then lawful to shed his blood. At that moment, Hamid gave the judge a piece of paper and asked him to write what he had said. He first refused, but Hamid insisted and he finally signed. Then Hamid had that paper circulated in the courtroom and all judges and official witnesses شہود signed. That was essentially the death sentence for Hallaj. Realizing what had happened, Hallaj cried out, My back is forbidden (to your whips), my blood inviolable (haram حرام)...my religion is Islam, my rule of conduct is tradition (sunna). I have written books, Sunnite books, which are available in bookshops. God, God, will answer for my blood. While Hallaj was saying this, his death sentence was being signed by official court witnesses and judges. This was on 19 Dhul Qada 309 AH (21 March 922 CE). Hamid sent the sealed death sentence to Caliph Muqtadir المقتدر . He did not respond for 2 days. His mother (Shaghab شغب ), and his Grand Chamberlain حاجب (Nasr نصر) were sympathetic to Hallaj. So Hamid sent him a sealed letter saying, ..if he is not put to death, he will change the canonical Law...which will destroy the state...if some unfortunate consequence befalls you because of it, have me put to death. He had also the official witnesses شہود declare that the blood of Hallaj was on their necks, and they had to sign for his death to save the Muslim Community.

This account is based on: Hallaj: Mystic and Martyr (by Herbert Mason), which is the abridged English translation of: The Passion of Al-Hallaj (by Louis Massignon).

خاموش تماشائ
KhamoshTamashai

Background Music: Turkish (Kervansaray: Silk Road)

Category:

Education

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[ZindagikaSafar786]

very true, very deep. thxs where did you the music frm ? Wats it called?

[KhamoshTamashai]

This sufi / religious music is by a Turkish group, Kervansaray. This piece is called "Silk Road".

[atabaay]

good work tarig. very good my friend

[KhamoshTamashai]

Thank you again, Yashar Jan, for your kind words.

[ZindagikaSafar786]

@KhamoshTamashai shukriya !

[GLOBALzebra]

Beautiful

[khan11m]

Thanks Tariq Bhai!

[cooliq1]

the music is too loud i cant understand what you are reading...

[Persia7030]

Balxi,sepaas