THE PARTITIONING OF BALUCHISTAN
IRAN-BALUCHISTAN BOUNDRY
The Baloch region suffered intrusion from Iran on the western side under the leadership of Qajar King Nasir-al Din Shah, with a major war fought in Kerman in 1849. With Iranian expansionism in Balochistan on the rise, the British decided to adopt the policy of appeasement towards the Iranians to dissuade them from the Russian influence. In 1871, the British agreed to the Iranian proposal for the division of Balochistan and appointed a Perso-Baloch Boundary Commission with as its Chief Commissioner. The 'Goldsmith Line' thus arbitrarily divided the cultural, social, and economic unity of Baloch people while excluding the concerns of the people and government of Balochistan.
The Iranian expansions increased after the extension of Indo-European telegraph line from Karachi to Gwadar and then up to Jask in western Balochistan in 1861. By the time of completion of that line in 1870, Iranian forces had advanced very far in Western Balochistan. It was the period when Britain was trying to neutralize Persia in order to prevent her with siding either with Napoleon or the Czar of Russia. To compensate the loss of Persian territory in the west to Ottoman Empire, Britain decided to grant a portion of Baloch land to Persia. In 1871, the British Government accepted an Iranian proposal and appointed Maj. General Goldsmid as Chief Commissioner of the joint Perso-Baloch Boundary Commission. In 1871 Persian and British Governments excluding the Khanate delegate from the final joint meeting that took the decision agreed upon a boundary line. This line dividing Western and Eastern Balochistan is called "Goldsmid Line" forming the present international boundary between Pakistan and Iran. In 1893, a similar arbitrarily drawn line "The Durand Line" demarcating the Afghan and British Indian borders gave a large part of Baloch land in northern Baloch regions of Helmand and Nemroz into Afghan sovereignty.
It is interesting to note how, at the time, the report had equated the claim of Persia to the territory with that of Kalat, a Balochi state, thus leaving the door open for the later recognition of Persian claims. Eventually, the proposed boundary line as sketched by Goldsmith was accepted by Persia and was embodied in a treaty signed between the two sides in September 1871, hence known as the Goldsmith Line separating Eastern and Western Balochistan. At present it forms international boundary between Iran and Pakistan. Reflecting on the ambitions of the Persian empire in western Balochistan and her attitude as to "the small and unknown state of Kalat," General Goldsmith wrote in the final report of his proceedings to the Secretary of State for India on November 9, 1871, that "these traits, had they power to be independent, would be independent; not having power to be independent, they are as fair prey to the strongest neighbor. ('4) Thereafter, the name "Persian Balochistan replaced "Western Balochistan" in the official colonial documents.
Colonel Sir THOMAS HUNGERFORD HOLDICH As head of the Baluchistan Survey Party from 1883, Holdich organized surveys of south Baluchistan and Makran as far as Jask and Bandar ʿAbbās. In 1884 he headed the Russo-Afghan Boundary Commission's survey party; in 1896 he was the chief British Commissioner on the Perso-Baluch Boundary Commission
AFGHAN-BALUCHISTAN BOUNDRY
The Baluchistan commission had responsibility for the entire southern boundary of Afghanistan, from Domandī to the borders of Sīstān. Under the supervision of a single British commissioner, Captain A. H. McMahon, and two successive Afghan commissioners—first the sardār Gol-Moḥammad Khan for the section between Domandī and Čaman, the point at which the frontier cuts the Qandahār-Quetta road, then Moḥammad-ʿOmar Khan Nūrzay for the remainder—no fewer than 196 boundary posts were required. The final protocol was signed 29 (sic; really 30) Ḏu'l-qaʿda 1313/13 May 1896.
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Baluchistan We Will Unite you againby xxxBALUCHISTANxxx12,886 views
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jonyadegari 2 weeks ago
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DildonioJohnson 1 month ago in playlist Uploaded videos
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xxxBALUCHISTANxxx 11 months ago
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powerpashtoons 11 months ago