Learn Biology: Trophic Levels and Producer vs. Consumer

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Mahalo biology expert Mary Poffenroth talks about trophic structure, including the hierarchy of the system.

The trophic levels of living organisms shows their placement in a food chain, and the order of consumption and energy transfer throughout the
environment. Producers, mainly green plants and some types of bacteria, can be found at the bottom of the food chain; they convert solar energy into food consumable by living organisms. Consumers are living organisms that feed on producers and other consumers.http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/biogeography/t­rophic_levels_and_food_chains.html 
While plants principally make up the first trophic level, or the producers, organisms that eat plants and meat make up the higher trophic levels. Plant-eating organisms are called herbivores and meat-eating organisms are called carnivores. Herbivores primarily make up the second trophic level, and carnivores constitute the third and fourth trophic levels.
http://www.bcb.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/ecology/trophics/troph.htm As trophic structure continues to drive evolution, prey become better adapted at avoiding their predators and predators become better adapted at getting their prey.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUZkWZ12A8s

Trophic Structure and Energy
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The trophic structure encompasses the feeding relationships among the organisms of a community. These relationships are essential to the hierarchy in the community and how it works. At the bottom of the food chain are the producers, which are the only ones that can harness the sun's energy to make glucose. Higher on the food chain, on the first trophic level, are the primary consumers that directly consume producers. Higher levels of consumers eat consumers of lower levels. Organisms nearer to the base of the food chain generally waste less energy. Approximately 90% of the energy originally harvested from the sun is lost with every climb to the next trophic level.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUZkWZ12A8s

Producers and Consumers in Food Chains
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The following are examples of food chains:
1. Sunflower grasshopper mouse snake hawk

2. Rose aphids beetle chameleon hawk

The
sunflower and rose are producers. The grasshopper and the aphids are primary consumers. The mouse and the beetle are secondary consumers. The snake and the chameleon are tertiary consumers. The hawk is a quarternary consumer, which is also known as an apex predator.http://www.bcb.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/ecology/trophics/troph.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUZkWZ12A8s&feature=player_embedded#at=114 

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[pdxtrailblazin]

thank you your so helpful!

[200YearsofSolitude]

very good video, i like the voice lol its funny

[gwendolinechione]

Very engaging teaching style. Great, thank you. Would be nice to have more advanced subjects (photosynthesis for eg) covered by this teacher.

[seeminglymeaningless]

Hi, I'm a student teacher, and my year 8 science class is learning about the transfer of energy through food chains. I'm sure they'll enjoy your succinct and well explained video regarding trophic levels :) Thanks!

[JustJessiexo]

This is really good! thanks. :)

[stella2570]

Great teacher! Love to watch and learn!