What are Bacteria and Bacterial Infections Part 1

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Infectious diseases depend on the interplay between the ability of pathogens to invade and/or proliferate in the body and the degree to which the body is able to resist. If the ability of a microorganism to invade, proliferate, and cause damage in the body exceeds the body's protective capacities, a disease state occurs. Infection refers to the growth of microorganisms in the body of a host.

Infection is not synonymous with disease because infection does not always lead to injury, even if the pathogen is potentially virulent (able to cause disease). In a disease state, the host is harmed in some way, whereas infection refers to any situation in which a microorganism is established and growing in a host, whether or not the host is harmed.

The steps of pathogenesis, the progression of a disease state, include entry, colonization, and growth. Pathogens like bacteria use several strategies to establish virulence. The bacteria must usually gain access to host tissues and multiply before damage can be done. In most cases this requires the penetration of the skin, mucous membranes, or intestinal epithelium, surfaces that normally act as microbial barriers. Passage through the skin into subcutaneous layers almost always occurs through wounds and in rare instances pathogens penetrate through unbroken skin.

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