The Soyuz spacecraft is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolyov Design Bureau. The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft and was originally built as part of the Soviet Manned Lunar program.
Currently, the Soyuz spacecraft family is still in service and has launched more human spaceflight missions than any other platform.[1] The Soyuz spacecraft is launched by the Soyuz launch vehicle, initially as part of the Soyuz program, and also as part of the unmanned Zond program. Soyuz spacecraft were used to carry cosmonauts to and from Salyut and later Mir Soviet space stations, and are now used for transport to and from the International Space Station.
The Soyuz launcher is an expendable launch system manufactured by TsSKB-Progress in Samara, Russia. It is used as the launcher for the manned Soyuz spacecraft as part of the Soyuz program. It is now also used to launch unmanned Progress supply spacecraft to the International Space Station and for commercial launches marketed and operated by TsSKB-Progress and the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. Soyuz-U rockets are fueled with kerosene, but the Soyuz-U2 rocket used a variant called Syntin.
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