Guerreros de la Antigüedad: Legiones de Roma / Ancient Warriors: Legions of Rome 1/2

La legión romana (del latín legio, derivado de legere, recoger, juntar, seleccionar) era la unidad militar de infantería básica de la Antigua Roma. Consistía en un cuerpo de infantería pesada de unos 4.200 hombres, según el historiador antiguo Polibio que más tarde alcanzaría entre los 5.200 y 6.000 soldados de infantería y 300 jinetes para completar un total de entre 6.000 y 6.300 efectivos, según nos cuenta Tito Livio. Las legiones tenían asignado un nombre y un número; se identificaron cerca de 50, pero nunca llegaron a existir tantas en un mismo momento de la historia de Roma. Usualmente había 28 legiones con sus auxiliares, y se reclutaban más según las necesidades y la situación en cada momento.
The Roman legion (from Latin legio "military levy, conscription," from legere — "to choose") is a term that can apply both as a translation of legio ("conscription" or "army") to the entire Roman army and also, more narrowly (and more commonly), to the heavy infantry that was the basic military unit of the ancient Roman army in the period of the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. In this latter meaning, it consisted of several cohorts of heavy infantry known as legionaries. It was almost always accompanied by one or more attached units of auxiliaries, who were not Roman citizens and provided cavalry, ranged troops and skirmishers to complement the legion's heavy infantry.
The size of a typical legion varied throughout the history of ancient Rome, with complements of 4,200 legionaries and 300 equites (drawn from the wealthier classes - in early Rome all troops provided their own equipment) in the republican period of Rome, (the infantry were split into 30 maniples of 120 legionaries each), to 5,200 men plus auxiliaries in the imperial period (split into 10 cohorts, 9 of 480 men each, plus the first cohort holding 800 men).
As legions were not standing armies until the Marian reforms (c. 107 BC), and were instead created, used, and disbanded again, several hundred legions were named and numbered throughout Roman history. To date, about 50 have been identified. In the time of the Early Roman Empire, there were usually about 25--35 standing legions plus their Auxiliaries, with more raised as needed. See List of Roman legions for a catalogue of known late republic, early Empire and late Empire legions, with dates in existence, emblem and locations of deployment.
Because of the enormous military successes of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, the legion has long been regarded as the prime ancient model for military efficiency and ability.
Легио́н (лат. legio, род. падеж legionis — военный сбор, призыв, от lego и legere — собирать) — основная организационная единица в армии Древнего Рима.
Легион состоял из 5—6 тыс. (в более поздние периоды — до 8 тыс.) пехотинцев и нескольких сотен всадников. Каждый легион имел свой номер и название. По сохранившимся письменным источникам идентифицировано примерно 50 различных легионов, хотя считается, что их число в каждый исторический период не превышало двадцати восьми, но при необходимости оно могло быть увеличено.
Во главе легиона в период Республики стоял военный трибун, в период Империи — легат.
ローマ軍団（古典ラテン語：legio、レギオー）は、古代ローマにおける軍隊（excercitus）のうち陸軍の基本的な編成単位のことである。軍団はローマ市民権を­有する者だけで構成されていた。
1つの軍団は、時代によっても異なるが、帝政ローマ時代では1つの軍団は10のコホルス（大隊）から構成され、騎兵200強を含めたおよそ5,000から6,000人の軍­団兵がいた。古代ローマ史上を通じて名前や番号をもった通算約50個の軍団が創設されたが、それらの多くが長い歴史の間で全滅・解散されており必ずしも存続しえたわけでは­なかった。

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