鎌倉幕府 Kamakura Bakufu Kamakura Shogunate.

Kamakura shogunate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 鎌倉幕府
Kamakura Bakufu
Kamakura Shogunate
(1192--1333)
Mon/Capital Kamakura / Language(s) Late Middle Japanese
Religion Shinbutsu shūgō
Government Feudal military dictatorship
Emperor: - 1183-1198 Go-Toba/ - 1318-1339 Go-Daigo / Shogun - 1192-1199 Minamoto no Yoritomo / - 1308-1333 Morikuni Shikken - 1199-1205
Hōjō Tokimasa / - 1326-1333 Hōjō Moritoki
History
- Minamoto no Yoritomo appointed shogun July 12, 1192
- Battle of Dan-no-ura April 25, 1185
- Hōjō regency established February 9, 1199
- Siege of Kamakura May 18, 1333
Currency Ryō / Military affairs were handled under the auspices of the civil government. However, after defeating the Taira clan in the Gempei War, Minamoto no Yoritomo seized certain powers from the aristocracy in 1185 and was given the title of shogun in 1192. The system of government he established became formalized as the shogunate.The Hōjō Regency / After Yoritomo's death, Hōjō Tokimasa, his widow Hōjō Masako's clan chief and former guardian of Yoritomo, claimed the title of regent (Shikken) to Yoritomo's son Minamoto no Yoriie, eventually making that claim hereditary to the Hōjō clan. The Minamoto remained the titular shoguns, with the Hōjō holding the real power.
With the Regency, what was already an unusual situation became even more anomalous when the Hōjō usurped power from those who had usurped it from the Emperor in the first place. The new regime nonetheless proved to be stable enough to last a total of 135 years, 9 shoguns and 16 regents.
With Sanetomo's death in 1219, his mother Hōjō Masako became the Shogunate's real center of power. As long as she was alive, regents and shoguns would come and go, while she stayed at the helm. Since the Hōjō family didn't have the rank to nominate a shogun from among its members, Masako had to find a convenient puppet.The problem was solved choosing Kujo Yoritsune, a distant relation of the Minamoto, who would be the fourth shogun and figurehead, while Hōjō Yoshitoki would take care of day-to-day business.However powerless, future shoguns would always be chosen from either Fujiwara or imperial lineage to keep the bloodline pure and give legitimacy to the rule. This succession proceeded for more than a century.
In 1221 Emperor Go-Toba tried to regain power in what would be called the Jōkyū War (承久の乱 Jōkyū no Ran?), but the attempt failed.The power of the Hōjō remained unchallenged until 1324, when Emperor Go-Daigo orchestrated a plot to overthrow them, but the plot was discovered almost immediately and foiled.

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