This is very much a poem of the Age of Enlightenment, which in Europe opened the door to discovery and progress in science, technology and improved understanding of the world - all this came as the effect of questioning established beliefs and traditions. In rubai 58 FitzGerald questions the rationality of a faith in which God made Man imperfect and sinful and then required this man to beg God's forgiveness for his transgressions. In return, Fitzgerald offers, in the name of Man, forgiveness to God for having made him so poorly, thus rejecting the religious faith.
This verse is similar in tone to William Blake's famous poem 'The Tiger'.
Oh, Thou, who Man of baser Earth didst make,
And who with Eden didst devise the Snake;
For all the Sin wherewith the Face of Man
Is blacken'd, Man's Forgiveness give — and take!
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