Siege and Battle of Vienna - War with Ottoman Empire - Decisive Holy League victory

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Sultan Mehmed IV, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, King John III Sobieski, Sipahis (cavalry knights) of the Ottoman Empire at Vienna, Sobieski at Vienna by Juliusz Kossak, Battle of Vienna, painting by Józef Brandt, Polish soldiers 1674-1696, Return from Vienna by Józef Brandt, Polish-Lithuanian army returning with loot of the Ottoman forces. "Sobieski Sending Message of Victory to the Pope" by Jan Matejko. "Sobieski meeting Leopold I" by Artur Grottger. At Vienna, the Ottomans found overruning pike formations in the face concentrated musket fire a challenge too difficult to overcome. The Ottoman army consisted of both heavy & missile, cavalry and infantry, making it both versatile and powerful. Siege of Rhodes in 1522. Siege of Malta, 1565. Murad III's mismanagement may have led to early Ottoman defeats in the war, but he sired more than 100 children with 1,200 concubines. Sigismund III of Poland. A Spanish Galleon. The Galleon was a tough fighting ship of its time. Jan III, by Jan Matejko. Sobieski sending Message of Victory to the Pope after the Battle of Vienna. Painting by Jan Matejko, 1880, National Museum, Kraków. Mehmed II enters Constantinople. Battle of Mohács (1526) and the Ottoman conquest of Hungary. Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha defeated the Holy League of Charles V under the command of Andrea Doria at the Battle of Preveza in 1538. Battle of Lepanto in 1571. Siege of Ochakov in 1788. Janissary officers with the ranks Kara kullukçu (left and right) and Usta (center). A 15th century Janissary drawing by Gentile Bellini who also painted the renowned portrait of Sultan Mehmed II. The Grand Vizier giving an audience "under the dome". Kara Mustafa Pasha. Imre Thököly. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV, a famous painting by Ilya Repin. Audience in the Diwan-i-Khas. Leopold IHoly Roman Emperor King of Hungary, King of Bohemia. A session of the Council of Trent, from an engraving. The Battle of Lepanto by Paolo Veronese (1571). In 1804, Vienna became the capital of the Austrian Empire and continued to play a major role in European and world politics, including hosting the 1814 Congress of Vienna. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, Vienna remained the capital of what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire. During the latter half of the 19th century, the city developed what had previously been the bastions and glacis into the Ringstraße, a major prestige project. Former suburbs were incorporated, and the city of Vienna grew dramatically. In 1918, after World War I, Vienna became capital of the First Austrian Republic. St. Stephen's Cathedral (Stephansdom) in 1905. Count Raimondo Montecúccoli. An African soldier of the Ottoman Empire. An Ottoman mehterân. Charles V, Duc de Lorraine. Innocent XI. Louis XIV. King of France and Navarre. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia. He urged the Council of Trent to approve Communion in Both kinds for German and Bohemian Catholics. Battle of Prevez. Coat of arms of Bohemia. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia. His firm Catholicism was the proximate cause of the war. Second Defenestration of Prague Frederick V, Elector Palatine as King. The Battle of Lens, 1648. Since they were a cavalry regiment it was well known within the Ottoman military circles that they considered themselves a superior stock of soldiers than Janissaries, who were a mixture of both Turkic and devşirme non-Turks, whereas the Sipahis were almost exclusively chosen amongst ethnic Turkic landowners. That minor quarrels erupted between the two units is made evident with a Turkmen adage, still used today within Turkey, "Atlı er başkaldırmaz", which, referring to the unruly Janissaries, translates into, "Horsemen don't mutiny". Towards the middle of the 16th century, the Janissaries had started to be the most important part of the army, though the Sipahis remained an important factor in the empire's economy and politics, and a crucial aspect of disciplined leadership within the army. As late as the 17th century, the Sipahis were, together with their rivals the Janissaries.

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[JCDL1984]

All of your English texts are horrible. Learn English before you post crappy sentences on the internet. Oh, and for Turkish people: Let Kurdistan liberate itself you a.ss holes and also, topple your own government too like Tunisia, Egypt, Syria, Saudi Kingdom, Iran, Algeria, Libya, North Sudan. All of you Muslims are horrible and should never be invited to Europe or USA... EVEN IN PLANES.

[yammer123]

@go311 blame the liberals

[mems3210]

@JCDL1984 Turkey is better of without the EU, i wonder if the EU will last till 2020

[JCDL1984]

@mems3210

yeah, already did. turkey sucks so much it will be 2020 before they are a member state to the eu. turkey's government is a f.ucking weak democracy. i rather see iraqi democracy flourish than a muslim theocratic republic in the eu.

[mems3210]

@JCDL1984 You fool you have no idea of the world issues and government, go learn more on the issues of turkey's governance then come back before you type random shit.

[P0WAT0TH3P30PL3]

@Oyrad58 Wow thank you so much see we went so far from arguing to complimenting our comedic skills I hope to build on this newly founded friendship I will talk to you later friend :)

[Oyrad58]

@P0WAT0TH3P30PL3 i dont want to be funny, also my english is not well. but our country's name is TÜRKİYE. your gay language call it "turkey" . its your fault. and i almost died laughing when you said "yep you turkeys cant deliver the package like us Americans" . hey you have to be comedian man! you so funny! amına koduğunun orospu çocuğu

[P0WAT0TH3P30PL3]

@Oyrad58 Lol oh you are such a jokester I can't help it so funny ok ok ok you win oh my so funny I almost died laughing when you said that "your gay language belong to indo-gypsy language groups" that was funny you sir are a comedic genius.

[Oyrad58]

@P0WAT0TH3P30PL3 fuck your gay language soft pinky fat american. you cant spell ALTAIC TÜRKİSH words. hahah gays. your language is so soft and gay. we Türks speak same language group with mongols, japanese and koreans. but you americans and your gay language belong to indo-gypsy language groups. LOL

[P0WAT0TH3P30PL3]

@Oyrad58 Nope your country is gay its so small but i guess thats only fair since your women are used to small things yep you turkeys cant deliver the package like us Americans

[Oyrad58]

@P0WAT0TH3P30PL3 our nation's name is "TÜRK" and our country is "TÜRKİYE" . but your gay soft language call it turkey . because you have soft fucking language cannot spell the Altaic words! fucking idiots!

even your fat pinky country rule by jews ! 400 million pinky fat idiots, rule by jewish scums!

[P0WAT0TH3P30PL3]

@Oyrad58 You know wat us Americans call you turkeys? Dinner we like to fill you with our stuffing and then eat you, and as a sacrifice to our god we take the fork shaped bone in you which we have deemed "the bone of wish" and we split it up and the one with the longer end gets to put a curse on your race that's why your country is so awful