See Part 2 for the examples I couldn't fit in the description box.
The Present Tense of An Chopail/An Nasc, The Copula.
An nasc means the link which is what it does; it links the existence of one noun to the existence of another. You have to use An Nasc Is if you want to say that one noun is another noun.
So to form a general sentence using IS place the words in this order;
Is + noun + pronoun
Is + múinteoir + í ; I am a teacher
Positive Statement: Is múinteoir í; She is a teacher;
Negative " : Ní múinteoir í; She is not a teacher;
Positive Question: An múinteoir í; Is she a teacher;
Negative " : Ná(ch) múinteoir í; Is she not a teacher?
The personal pronouns;
mé/me (M); me
tú/tu (M); you [The forms thú/thu (M) also exist]
é; him/it
í; her/it
sinn/muid; us [sinn is the older form. Please use it.]
sibh; ye
iad; them
You use the accusative pronouns (i.e. him, her, them, etc) with Is and not the nominative pronouns (he, she, they, etc).
You CANNOT put stress on personal pronouns in Irish.
The emphatic forms of the personal pronouns:
mise; me
tusa; you
eisean / é sin (M); him
ise / í sin (M); her
sinne/muidne ; [Again, Id prefer ye to say sinne]
sibhse; ye
iadsan; them
"go+is" = gur
"go+ní" = ná(ch)
Be aware that gur changes to gurb before a word that begins with a vowel.
Deir sé gur múinteoir í; He says THAT she is a teacher.
Deir sé ná(ch) múinteoir í; He says THAT she is not a teacher.
Compare Is to Tá in Lesson 1 and Bíonn in Lesson 7.
You CANNOT say Tá/Bíonn sé múinteoir!!! You can say "Is múinteoir é" or "Tá sé i n-a mhúinteoir, He is in his teacher" but "Is múinteoir é" is better.
Is can also be used with adjectives.
Is múinteoir í: Shes a teacher.
Is múinteoir maith í/ Is maith an múinteoir í: Shes a good teacher.
The Copula after a Definite Phrase;
A definite phrase is a phrase in which there is a proper noun or a definite indicator (i.e. an, the, mo, my, do, your, a, his/her/their, ár, our , (bh)úr, your pl.). The word order becomes:
"Is+pronoun+indicator+noun".
Compare the following sentences
Is fear é: He is A man
Is é an fear: He is THE man
In the standard language in the Copula, Ní puts a H only before ea(dh), é, eisean, í, ise, iad, iadsan. In spoken Irish, Ní frequently puts a H before nouns starting withh a vowel.
Is mise Críostóir; I am Críostóir
Ní hí Áine an cailín is airde insa rang; Áine isnt the tallest girl in the class.
An é Seán a chaitheann tobac; Is it Seán that smokes?.
Nách iad Tomás agus Síle atá ag dul; Isnt it Tomás and Síle that are going?
Deir sé gur mise Críostóir: He says that I am Críostóir
There is another formation that is very common in Kerry (but also in Connacht) using [noun] is ea [pronoun]
ea was previously spelt eadh and means so/thus.
Examples;
Múinteoir is ea(dh) é; He is a teacher.
Meiriceánaigh is ea(dh) iad; Theyre Americans.
Answering questions;
There are no separate words for Yes or No in Irish. You just respond with the correct form of the verb.
An gcaitheann tú tobac? Do you smoke?
Caithim: I do. Literally I smoke
Ní chaithim: I dont. Literally I do not smoke
A positive question will begin with "An" and a negative one with "Ná(ch).
A positive answer will begin with "Is" and a negative one with "Ní".
These particles are then followed by the according word;
1.If the word directly after the question particle , i.e. An, Ná(ch), use ea(dh) rather than repeating the noun.
An múinteoir é? Is he a teacher?
S ea(dh); He is. Literally It is so.
Ní hea(dh); Hes not. Literally It is not so.
2. If the word directly after the question particle is an ADJECTIVE, repeat the ADJECTIVE.
Ná(ch) fuar an lá é? Isnt it a cold day?
S fuar; It is. Literally It is cold.
Ní fuar; It is not. Literally It is not cold.
3. If the word directly after the question particle is a PERSONAL PRONOUN, repeat the PERSONAL PRONOUN.
An tusa atá ag dul? Is it you thats going?
Is mé; It is. Literally It is me (that is going).
Ní mé; It is not. (Literally It is not me (that is going).
You get the idea by now;
The same TYPE of word after An or Ná(ch) is repeated after Is or Ní.
Relative clauses;
Seo é an fear ar múinteoir a mhac; This is the man WHOSE son is a teacher.
Literally This is the man that his son is a teacher.
Sin scannán ar fiú é a cheannach; Thats a film thats worth buying.
Literally That is a film that is worth it to buy.
Ar changes to Arb before a word beginning with a vowel.
Sin fear arb eol do gach rud; Thats a man that knows everything thing.
To make the above sentences negative replace ar with nár.
Nár changes to Nárb before a word beginning with a vowel.
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great lessons, you da man!! and agree bang that muid into the bin!, sinn is older, flows with the irish language which is all about its colour and poetic style, me tu se si sinn sibh siad, ----- muid!!!! what spacer decided to use that word lol... so much easier to learn when sinn is used, IT FLOWS!! go raibh mile maith agat ar na ceachtanna!
ravetunes 3 months ago
@ThePersianGulf well you'd have to learn it either way. You're not born knowing how to speak a language but you are born with the tools to learn to speak that language.
Thrawn6211 1 year ago
Wait...are you saying he's wasting his time? I think not. =/ lol
T3hFlyingpizzamuffin 1 year ago
Don't waist ur time on adults my friend. Invest on the brains of 0-4 year-olds and after 20 years u will have one full generation who speak their mother tongue naturally, then next 20 years will be the Golden ages when everybody bellow the age of 40 will be proud say my first language is Irish, that's the key my friend. The Irish should pick up their mother tongue not learn it. The system of Irish education is wrong from the base, causing the poor people to hate this beautiful rhythmic language.
ThePersianGulf 1 year ago