Flags of Azerbaijan Republic since 1918

The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR; Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Xalq Cümhuriyyəti) was the first successful attempt to establish a democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world. The ADR was founded on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Azerbaijani National Council in Tiflis.

Following the occupation of ADR by the Soviet Russia, the second Republic was established in Azerbaijan, entitled the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialistic Republic, which lasted till 1990.

In 1991 Azerbaijan regained its independence and declared the third Azerbaijan Republic.

The video shows the official flags adopted during this periods.

Mostly the changes on the flags are caused by alphabet adoptions.

The Arabic script was introduced to the Azerbaijan region in the 7th century and continued to be used to write Azerbaijani until the 1920s. Three different versions of the Arabic script were used during this period: the 28-letter Arabic script, the 32-letter Perso-Arabic script and the 33-letter Turkic Arabic script. None of these was ideal for writing Azerbaijani and various reforms were proposed, particularly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

From the 19th century there were efforts by some intellectuals like Mirza Fatali Akhundov to replace the Arabic alphabet and create a Latin script for Azeri. In 1922, a Latin script was created by Yeni türk əlifba komitəsi (New Turkish Alphabet Committee; Јени түрк əлифба комитəси) in Baku. In 1929, the Uniform Turkic Alphabet was introduced to replace the varieties of the Arabic alphabet in use at the time. In 1939, because Stalin wished to sever the ties between the Republic of Turkey and the Turkic peoples living within the Soviet Union, he decreed that only the Cyrillic alphabet be used[. When the Soviet Union collapsed and Azerbaijan gained its independence, one of the first laws passed in the new Parliament was the adoption of a modified Latin alphabet.

Music: Uzeyir Hajibeyov - Koroghlu overture

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