La soie est une fibre textile d'origine animale. Elle est issue du cocon produit par la chenille du bombyx du mûrier (ver à soie). La technique permettant de produire la soie date de 2500 av. J.-C. et vient de Chine par la Route de la soie. Elle a été un secret jusqu'en 560. La production a commencé en Europe au VIe siècle. En France, la production débuta au XIIIe siècle. L'élevage des vers à soie est appelé sériciculture.
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons made by the larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity (sericulture). The shimmering appearance for which silk is prized comes from the fibers' triangular prism-like structure which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles.
"Wild silks" or tussah silks (also spelled "tasar") are produced by caterpillars other than the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori). They are called "wild" as the silkworms cannot be artificially cultivated like Bombyx mori. A variety of wild silks have been known and used in China, India, and Europe from early times, although the scale of production has always been far smaller than that of cultivated silks. Aside from differences in colors and textures, they all differ in one major aspect from the domesticated varieties: the cocoons that are gathered in the wild have usually already been damaged by the emerging moth before the cocoons are gathered, and thus the single thread that makes up the cocoon has been torn into shorter lengths. Commercially reared silkworm pupae are killed before the adult moths emerge by dipping them in boiling water or piercing them with a needle, thus allowing the whole cocoon to be unraveled as one continuous thread. This allows a much stronger cloth to be woven from the silk. Wild silks also tend to be more difficult to dye than silk from the cultivated silkworm.
There is some evidence that small quantities of wild silk were already being produced in the Mediterranean area and the Middle East by the time the superior, and stronger, cultivated silk from China began to be imported (Hill 2003, Appendix C).
Silks are produced by several other insects, but only the silk of moth caterpillars has been used for textile manufacture. There has been some research into other silks, which have differences at the molecular level. Silks are mainly produced by the larvae of insects with complete metamorphosis, but also by some adult insects such as webspinners. Silk production is especially common in the Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and ants), and is sometimes used in nest construction. Other types of arthropod produce silk, most notably various arachnids such as spiders (see spider silk).
Seide ist eine feine Textilfaser, die aus den Kokons der Seidenraupe, der Larve des Seidenspinners, gewonnen wird. Sie ist die einzige in der Natur vorkommende textile Endlos-Faser. Sie kommt ursprünglich wohl aus China und war eine wichtige Handelsware, die über die Seidenstraße nach Europa transportiert wurde; auch heute wird der Hauptanteil in China produziert, Japan und Indien sind weitere wichtige Erzeugerländer.
La seda es la sustancia de consistencia viscosa formada por la proteína llamada fibroína, que es segregada por las glándulas de ciertos artrópodos; el insecto que la segrega la expulsa al exterior de manera continua por un orificio, y es al contacto con el aire como se solidifica en forma de fibra.
La seda es una fibra con la que se tejen telas de alta calidad y extraordinaria resistencia, se hila a partir de los hilamentos que se extrae de los capullos del llamado gusano de seda, siendo la morera la planta que constituye su alimento. En la formación de su capullo y a lo largo de su vida, este gusano posee unas glándulas que fabrican este material con una proteína denominada fibroína. Los primeros en descubrir estas ventajas y elaborar el tejido fueron los chinos y tanto la valoraban, que se dice que se prohibía sacar los gusanos fuera del Imperio, castigándose con la muerte a quien lo intentara, no obstante lo cual, se dice que algunos europeos lograron sacar varios de estos gusanos escondidos entre su equipaje.
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The craftsmen of Gujarat (India)by valpard2,453 views
They boil them alive
101FrenchKisses4 3 years ago 5