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Ocean Sciences: 地球構造與板塊運動 4/4

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Uploaded by on Oct 5, 2010

[板塊邊緣與演化]
板塊學說中可以將地球的板塊分為七至八個大板塊,板塊相互交界的地方我們可以分為三種形式,其一為分離式的板塊邊緣。相對的為聚合式的板塊邊緣。第三種則為轉型斷層。這些­板塊邊緣幾乎可以解釋所有地表的地質現象,但也有些例外,這些例外即是熱點,為地殼較薄,地函就接近地表的地方。這些地方就會產生火山,例如夏威夷即是。聚合型板塊邊緣又­可分為陸海碰撞、陸陸碰撞、海海碰撞。當海洋板塊隱沒至大陸板塊之下,前緣會產生火山島弧而後緣則會張裂形成弧後盆地。板塊學說有許多證據,其中,古地磁可以支持此學說。­我們發現在離中洋脊中心越遠的地方越古老且具有對稱性。說明新的板塊在中洋脊生成,向兩邊擴張,在隱沒帶隱沒消失。

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