A path that is homoemorphic to a circle devides a compactified plane into two pieces (inside and outside). Arthur Schönflies proved in 1906 that in this situation the inside and outside are homoemo...
A path that is homoemorphic to a circle devides a compactified plane into two pieces (inside and outside). Arthur Schönflies proved in 1906 that in this situation the inside and outside are homoemorphic.
To prove a similar statement in 3 dimensions was an open problem for many years. It was solved by James Alexander in 1928 who constructed the Alexander "Horned" Sphere, as illustrated in this video. The Alexander horned sphere is a topological space which is homeomorphic to a sphere, but inside and outside are not homeomorphic. This proves that there is no analog of Schönflies Theorem in three dimensions.
This Video was produces for a topology seminar at the Leibniz Universitaet Hannover.
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I'm a greduate mathematics student currently taking a topology course. We haven't looked at anything like this, and the semester is almost finished. I wish that we did investigate things like this. Only point-set.
the main issue is that theoretically you should both be able to get smaller and smaller, but also have a smallest distance. if you accept the concept of the planck length, then technically you would eventually be unable to tell whether or not they are touching because they would shrink to such a small size that it would be impossible to know if they even exist. there is no real life vs. theory because real life expectations are in themselves purely theoretical.
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