Formation of a Polar Disk Galaxy

Polar Ring Galaxies, such as NGC4650A, are a class of galaxy which have two kinematically distinct components that are inclined by almost 90 degrees to each other. These striking galaxies challenge our understanding of how galaxies form; the origin of their distinct components has, until now remained uncertain, and the subject of much debate. This simlation shows the formation of a polar disk galaxy. The animation begins with the gas expanding with the Hubble Flow, before collapsing under gravity and forming a disk. After a major merger, a disk galaxy rapidly re-forms. Subsequently, gas begins to be accreted from a direction highly inclined to the inner disk, with a polar disk forming which is perpendicular to the original disk.
Credits:
Fabio Governato (University of Washington)
James Wadsley (McMaster University)
Alyson Brooks (University of Washington)
Tom Quinn (University of Washington)
Chris Brook (University of Washington)
for the detailed science, see http://arxiv.org/abs/0802.1051
contact: fabio@astro.washington.edu

Category:

Science & Technology

Tags:

• Galaxies
• Cosmology

[CACBCCCU]

It's said that the mass typically falls off exponentially with distance from the center of the galaxy.

Any mass within the innermost 1/10th, for example, of the total radius, should be somewhat mutually reinforcing to core-center-generated hypothetical gravitational waves with a wavelength close to the radius of the galaxy.

Energetic matter, possibly expelled from BH poles, might be the only core material to pass over the potential hill of the supposed wave to make it to the 1st ring.

[CACBCCCU]

I think a proton probably would avoid a delta resonance for gamma bursts under 10^-15 meter and 1 GeV is around 10^-16 meters. I hope that's close, anyway. The study shows the proton as surrounded by pions (quark matter-antimatter pairs).

The initial point was the ratio of a proton radius to a typical galaxy radius (minus peripheral gas clouds) is about the same as the ratio of the strength of gravity to the strength of EM, and this seems to fit with a 10^21m gravity wave property.

[CACBCCCU]

Just so no one gets needlessly confused, here's something from "The stuff of protons: gluing quarks to make protons, neutrons, and atomic nuclei.": Proton studies use gamma bursts around 1 GeV and suggest the proton is not spherically symmetric, but oblate, due to having only three quarks. Gamma in the range of 1 GeV causes the proton's one spin-down quark to go spin-up, the proton is then in an excited state called "delta resonance."

I suppose the proton radius increases in that state.

[CACBCCCU]

"major and minor mergers"

I agree they're significant. Major ones not required, necessarily. Rings are supposed to be the result of certain type of an extremely high-speed collision of a bulleye sort, AFAIK.

I suppose that such major high-energy collisions, which are not necessarily "mergers" since the relative speed is so great, aren't needed to get a ring. A spiral could result from a ring overcoming the 2ndary attractor effect before it gets nearly as small as Hoag's ring in width.

[CACBCCCU]

should be "electromgnetism"

Hoag's galaxy is a great example of a very stable ring. Looking at the fine structure of Hoag's ring there are suggestions it's highly stable and evolved.

[CACBCCCU]

In a weak sort of way, the motive behind my suggestion unifies properties the forces of gravity, strong force and electromanetism, at least in terms of the wavelengths identifiable from these forces and stable structural components associable with these forces (quark, proton, galaxy ring) in terms of their relative force-strengths. So, for that it appeals to me more than MOND, I guess, especially if I'm correct.

[CACBCCCU]

Yes, I've known of MOND for over a decade. I'll just say I like my idea more. I've also thought about using a circular locus instead of a linear one for the wave force-direction cycle I'm suggesting, but I try to keep it simple. The idea plugs into GR-type theories with field carriers moving lightspeed, but the suggested cosine "curve" of the resultant gravity potential is still static relative to a static source. Ignoring the suggestion produces a lower, conventional, estimate for core mass.

[supergiuovane]

Have you ever considered MOND?

[CACBCCCU]

Anyway, this "2nd quantization" of electromagnetism (gamma waves in this case) producing a matter-antimatter pair I suppose happens around wavelengths of 10^-15 meters quite commonly. The energy threshold for expecting pair production sets an effective wavelength limit for EM, I suppose.

So, it's never been a very serious discussion.

[CACBCCCU]

Thanks again, for your interest, supergiuovane. Gamma waves start around 10^-12m and less. High energy gamma is prone to spontaneously transforming into electron-positron pairs in vacuum, etc, supposedly promoting a virtual pair, IIRC. Something to do with a so-called "2nd quantization" IIRC. I'd rather keep my comments loose and flowing, but have to expect criticism when I discuss changing gravity theory, especially without a good simulation to back that up.