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Eysenck's Theory of Criminal Behavior
Eysenck's theory of criminal behaviour was an extension of his theories on personality Eysenck's theory of personality suggested that that there are three independent dimensions to personality, extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. Eysencks and Gudjonsson (1989) have suggested that personality, measured in terms of two dimensions, introversion-extraversion and stable-neurotic, may be predictive of criminal behaviour. These dimensions of personality can be measured using the Eysenck personality Inventory(EPI). Their research suggested that criminals would be more likely score highly in the direction of extraversion and neuroticism. Extraverts are outgoing, sociable, carefree people; Neurotics are anxious, depressed, moody and tend to have low self-esteem. Psychotics are likely to be aggressive, antisocial, cold and impersonal. According to Eysenck, criminals score more highly on all these dimensions compared to the non criminal population. Eysenck's view was that social behaviour, and by implication antisocial behaviour is a product of socialisation, which in his terms meant conditioning, in a Pavlovian sense. Normal (acceptable) social behaviour results from a conditioning process in which our parents, teachers, siblings and peers, all exert an influence, rewarding us for good behaviour and punishing us for behaviour that is unacceptable. Now Eysenck also argued that extraverts were people who has a nervous system that required more stimulation than most people, and also that they were more difficult to condition. Slower conditioning leads to poorer socialization which in turn leads to antisocial behaviour. Similarly, neurotics, who are very emotional people are also difficult to condition and this coupled with their emotionality makes them more likely to exhibit antisocial behaviour. Psychotics often have a poor grasp of reality and may even experience delusions. This by itself could lead to criminal behaviour, but coupled with a personality that is cold, lacking any empathy and is tough minded and impulsive, this is almost a perfect recipe for the aggressive or violent offender.

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