Bucovina G L

Bukowina
The name Bukovina came into official use in 1775 with the region's annexation from the Principality of Moldavia to the possessions of the Habsburg Monarchy, which became Austrian Empire in 1804, and Austria-Hungary in 1867.

The official German name, die Bukowina, of the province under Austrian rule (17751918), was derived from the Polish form Bukowina, which in turn comes from the common Slavic form Bukowina, which stands for beech tree (бук [buk] as, for example, in Ukrainian or, even, Buche in German).[1] Another German name for the region, das Buchenland, is mostly used in poetry, and means "beech land", or "the land of beech trees". In Romanian, in litarary or poetic contexts, the name Ţara Fagilor ("the land of beech trees") is sometimes used.

During the Middle Ages, the region was the northwestern third of "Ţara de Sus" (Upper Country in Romanian) part of the Moldavian Principality, as opposed to "Ţara de Jos" (Lower Country). The region has become the cradle of the Moldavian Principality, and remained its political center until 1574, when its capital was moved from Suceava to Iaşi.

Nowadays in Ukraine the name is unofficial, but is common when referring to the Chernivtsi Oblast as over 2/3 of Oblast is the northern part of Bukovina. In Romania the term Northern Bucovina is sometimes synonymous to the entire Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine, and (Southern) Bucovina to Suceava County of Romania. (Note: Currently 10% of the Suceava County covers territory outside of the historical Bukovina.)

In English, an alternate form is The Bukovina, increasingly an archaism, which, however, is found in older literature.

[edit] Moldavian Principality
In the mid-14th century, the Moldavian state appeared, eventually expanding its territory all the way to the Black Sea. Bukovina and neighboring regions were the nucleus of the Moldavian Principality, with the city of Suceava as its capital from 1388 (after Baia and Siret). The name of Moldavia (Moldova) is derived from a river (Moldova River) flowing in Bukovina.

In the 15th century, Pokuttya, the region immediately to the north, became the subject of disputes between the Principality of Moldavia and the Polish Kingdom. Pokuttya was inhibited by Ruthenians (predecessors of modern Ukrainians) and Hutsuls; the latter also reside in western Bukovina. In 1497 a battle took place at the Cosmin Forest (the hilly forests separating Chernivtsi and Siret valleys), at which Stephen III of Moldavia managed to defeat the much-stronger but demoralized army of King John I Albert of Poland. The battle is known in Polish popular culture as "the battle when the knights have perished".

In this period, the patronage of Stephen III of Moldavia and his successors on the throne of Moldavia saw the construction of the famous painted monasteries of Moldoviţa, Suceviţa, Putna, Humor, Voroneţ, Dragomirna, Arbore, and others. With their renowned exterior frescoes, these monasteries remain some of the greatest cultural treasures of Romania; some of them are World Heritage Sites, part of the painted churches of northern Moldavia. Stephen also settled the first Ruthenians in Bukovina with the hope of having a loyal and more numerous population that would contribute with taxes.[citation needed] In Suceava, in the 16th century, two percent of the population (i.e. about 5001000 people) was Ruthenian.[citation needed]

In 1513, Moldavia started to pay annual tribute to the Ottoman Empire, but remained autonomous and was governed as before by a native Voivod / Prince, also known as Domnitor or Hospodar (Lord in English).

In May, 1600 Vlach Hospodar Mihai Viteazul, also known as Mykhailo Khorobryi, united the three Romanian principalities into country known today as Romania, including the Moldavian principality.

For short periods of time (during wars), the Polish Kingdom occupied parts of northern Moldavia. However, the old border was re-established every time after, as for example on 14 October 1703 the Polish delegate Martin Chometowski acknowledges "Between us and Wallachia (i.e. Moldavia) God himself set Dniester as the border" (Inter nos et Valachiam ipse Deus flumine Tyras dislimitavit).

In the course of the Russo-Turkish War of 17681774, the Ottoman armies were defeated by the Russian Empire, that occupied the region during 15 December 1769 September 1774, and previously during 14 SeptemberOctober 1739. Bukovina was the reward the Habsburgs received for aiding the Ottomans in that war. Prince Grigore III Ghica of Moldavia protested and was prepared to take action to recover the territory, but was assassinated, and a Greek-Phanariot foreigner was put on the throne of Moldavia by the Ottomans.

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[dudeFromBucovina]

romaNIANS stupid fugs! i am from north Bucovina(Chernivci region of Ukraine) and i am half romanian but i LOVE UKRAINE AND I AM PART OF SLAVIC CULTURE AND I LOVE THIS!!! fuck you roma fugs! Chernivci is native Ukrainian land! we will figt for Ukraine !!!

[Gogulancelot]

@dudeFromBucovina my dear, the romaNov, your ancient tzar Romanov dinasty have a similar name . Ukraine have not statality . Thanks to Hikita S Hrusciov ! your leader for all you have !!

[VyckRo]

Foarte Frumos!

[caradjeasv]

Roughly translated goes like this: Cuckoo sings ,blamed he be,that is heard in all Bukovina .He sings in a pine tree that is heard in Cernauti.Bukovina land with flowers,where are ur sons?They were taken in another country but they will come back in spring. back when they will come, U Bukovina are the one the will love.Mountains with high pickes do not let ur guard die,if ur guard dies,all the country dies.

[dudeFromBucovina]

@saftaromanul Bucovna Ukrainian land!!!

[dudeFromBucovina]

@DrStrangebomb1993 yes i am not romanian> i gust have 50% romanian blood and 50% ukrainian> i live in Ukrainian Bucovina>i work ther i love ther and i die ther>so dude fuck off.

[DrStrangebomb1993]

@dudeFromBucovina Yes, obviously, because the fact that the USSR annexed it in 1940 obviously makes it Ukrainian, doesn't it?

You're not Romanian. Even if you were once, your comment has now put you beyond redemption in my eyes.

[magdaciekawska]

Bucovina bleibt polnisch!

[kavaldzhia]

@Rafaael75 ... Regat !

[dudeFromBucovina]

@Gogulancelot i am not your dear=) you are gay?my ancient king is Svjatoslav-Volodumyr-Danulo Galyckiy the Kievan Rus and Galicia-Volyn kings.i am not form russia.i am from Ukraine.stupid roma(gypsy) ROMAnia(Gypsyland) .

[iluminal]

some kind of epic ....