The Endoscopic Symphony n.º 94 by MurraSaca
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Uploaded by ElSalvadorAtlasEndo on Jul 10, 2011
The Symphony No. 94 in G major (Hoboken 1/94) is the second of the twelve so-called London symphonies (numbers 93-104) written by Joseph Haydn. It is usually called by its nickname, the Surprise Symphony, although in German it is more often referred to as the Symphony "mit dem Paukenschlag" ("with the kettledrum stroke").
Nickname (the Surprise)
Haydn's music contains many jokes, and the 'Surprise' Symphony includes
probably the most famous of all: a sudden loud chord in the theme of the
variation-form second movement after a tranquil opening. The music then
returns to its original quiet dynamic, as if nothing had happened, and the
ensuing variations do not repeat the joke.
Composition and premiere
Haydn wrote the symphony in 1791 in London for a concert series he gave
during the first of his two visits to England (1791--1792). The premiere took
place at the Hanover Square Rooms in London on March 23, 1792, with
Haydn leading the orchestra seated at a fortepiano.
As with Haydn's England visits in general, the premiere was greatly
successful. One reviewer wrote that the symphony was "equal to the happiest
of this great Master's conceptions." In his feeble old age Haydn remembered
the premiere with nostalgia, recounting to his biographer Griesinger:
...it was my wish to surprise the public with something new, and to make a
debut in a brilliant manner, in order not to be outdone by my pupil Pleyel[ who
was leading a rival series of concerts] ...the first Allegro of my Symphony was
received with countless bravos, but the enthusiasm reached its highest point
in the Andante with the kettledrum stroke. Ancora, ancora! sounded from
every throat, and even Pleyel complimented me on my idea.
Toward the end of his active career Haydn wove the theme of the second
movement into an aria of his oratorio The Seasons (1801), in which the bass
soloist depicts a plowman whistling Haydn's tune as he works.
Instrumentation
The Surprise Symphony is scored for a Classical-era orchestra consisting of two each of flutes, oboes, bassoons, horns, trumpets, plus a timpani, and the usual string section consisting of first and second violins, violas, cellos, and double basses.
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