The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory of three of the four known fundamental interactions and the elementary particles that take part in these interactions. These particles make up all visible matter in the universe.
Every high energy physics experiment carried out since the mid-20th century has eventually yielded findings consistent with the Standard Model.
Still, the Standard Model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions because it does not include gravitation, dark matter, or dark energy. It is not quite a complete description of leptons either, because it does not describe nonzero neutrino masses, although simple natural extensions do.
Gluons mediate the Strong Force. They have no mass, no electric charge and no weak charge. So depicting gluons visually is a real challenge. To begin with, there are eight of them, and each carries a combination of color charge. Secondly, there are no free gluons, they exist only virtually when two quarks interact.
Third, since the gluons have their own color charge, they generate secondary virtual gluons, and these generate other gluons, ad infinitum. This means there is such an ongoing storm of these gluons that the whole process is impossibly complicated.
But undaunted, we press on. We know that when gluons cause two quarks to interact, the quarks swap color, and since color is conserved, the gluon must have at least two colors of its own.
Next, we know that the strong force mediated by the gluons increases in strength, as the quarks get farther apart. This means the gluon field is what is called a flux tube and leads to a gluon shaped like a string.
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yeah, using "colours" as a replacement word for "properties" is just confusing the situation. as it still tells you fuck all about the 'property' changes. Who came up with that bright idea?
The word "color charge" is just a name, but it is a useful one since, according to theory, composed particles always appear "color neutral" from the outside. The three quarks of the proton represent the color combination red/green/blue, which adds up to white (i.e. color-neutral). The two quarks of the so-called pion represent for example the color combination red/anti-red (because it is a quark plus an anti-quark, hence anti-colors), which also adds to a color-neutral state.
@bytedildo I really don't see how you can believe in a god if you know this much about the universe. Maybe another one of the infinite universes has one, but probably not this one.
hehe, i was just kidding, but somehow we know so much about universe but still from philosophical stand point I see no answer to the invisible question ;)
Keep in mind, they aren't actual colors, just descriptors. It's for a quantity that we can't properly define without making up a new term, hence chromodynamics.
I'm so confused. I just heard that most of the mass in a nucleus resides in the empty space between the quarks, and now this. My tiny brain can't take it.
Don't worry, I think that is a common feeling among us non-physicists. The main thing is the quest for knowledge and the methods used. You don't have to understand everything in order to make progress on this life long journey.
Most of the mass is the nuclear binding energy between the quarks (carried by gluons, the carrier of the strong nuclear force).
According to Einstein (E=mc^2), the binding energy translates to a mass m=E/c^2. It is essentially this mass you measure when stepping on a weighing machine (the masses of the quarks amount less then 4%).
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The word "color charge" is just a name, but it is a useful one since, according to theory, composed particles always appear "color neutral" from the outside. The three quarks of the proton represent the color combination red/green/blue, which adds up to white (i.e. color-neutral). The two quarks of the so-called pion represent for example the color combination red/anti-red (because it is a quark plus an anti-quark, hence anti-colors), which also adds to a color-neutral state.
The color charge is indeed something you can measure. It is absolutely essential to explain the data of many particle accelerator experiments.
Most of the mass is the nuclear binding energy between the quarks (carried by gluons, the carrier of the strong nuclear force).
According to Einstein (E=mc^2), the binding energy translates to a mass m=E/c^2. It is essentially this mass you measure when stepping on a weighing machine (the masses of the quarks amount less then 4%).