Polyethylene

Polyethylene Today polyethylene is known as the most popular synthetic polymer in the world. Polyethylene is made based on ethylene gas, which is actually used to produce it. Polyethylene is obtained due to the rupture of the double chemical bond between carbons in ethylene, which leaves two dangling bonds. Being formed this way, the polyethylene chain results in a rather simple polyethylene formula. The polyethylene macromolecule, as a rule, comes with the molecular weight of up to several hundred thousands. There also exists a so-called ultra high molecular weight polyethylene - UHMWPE, where the molecular weight constitutes millions. Polyethylene can be linear or cross-linked, where one of the atoms is replaced by a similar chain from a segment of the same polyethylene. There exist three methods for production of polyethylene, which respectively gave names to the resulting products - high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene.The high density polyethylene, also often referred to as the low pressure polyethylene, is produced under the pressure of 3-4 megaPascal. This polyethylene is suitable for application with food, and can be used for food packaging.The high pressure polyethylene or so-called low density polyethylene is produced with the help of catalysts. This type of polyethylene is technical polyethylene used for technical purposes and not suitable for food applications, Polyethylene is a crystalline polymer. Its crystallinity can reach up to 90%. Polyethylene is a neutral and chemically stable material. It is resistant to all kinds of concentrated alkali, many acids, specifically to the concentrated sulfuric acid, but is soluble in the nitric acid. Polyethylene doesn't swell when exposed to any known organic solvents. When exposed to environmental conditions, polyethylene gets oxidized, cross-links appear in macromolecules. The material becomes a little harder, but more fragile. Polyethylene is also destroyed under the ultraviolet light. To prevent such destruction the substance is often supplemented with additives - thermal and UV- stabilizers. The simplest, cheapest and most popular additive is soot. Just several percent of soot injected into polyethylene helps get rid of the said drawbacks. Polyethylene is widely used in technical equipment, household appliances, and electronics for the most part as packaging or construction material, due to its simplicity, low cost and easy production.

Category:

Science & Technology

Tags:

• chemistry
• material
• polymer

[HSAdestroy]

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