Voyage to Pandora: First Interstellar Space Flight

Pandora is the idyllic blue world featured in the movie Avatar. Its location is a real place: Alpha Centauri, the nearest star to our Sun and the most likely destination for our first journey beyond the solar system.

Remarkably, it's anti-matter, the science fiction fuel of choice that could take us there. Normally, it's only created in powerful jets that roar out of black holes. We can now produce small quantities in Earth-bound particle colliders. Will we journey out only to plunder other worlds? Or will we come in peace? The answer may depend on how we see Earth at that time in the distant future.

The year is 2154. Our planet has been ruined by environmental catastrophe. In the movie Avatar, greedy prospectors from Earth descend on the world of an innocent hunter-gatherer people called the Na'vi.

Their home is a lush moon far beyond our solar system called Pandora. Could such a place exist? And could our technology... and our appetite for exploration... one day send us hurtling out to reach it?

In fact, the supposed site of this fictional solar system is one of our most likely interstellar targets, until a better destination turns up. Pandora orbits a fictional gas planet called Polyphemus. Its home is a real place... Alpha Centauri... the brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurus.

At 4.37 light years away, it's part of the closest star system to our sun. Alpha Centauri is actually two stars, A and B, one slightly larger and more luminous than our own sun, the other slightly smaller.

The two stars orbit one other, swinging in as close as Saturn is to our Sun... then back out to the distance of Pluto. This means that any outer planets in this system... anything beyond, say, the orbit of Mars... would likely have been pulled away by the companion and flung out into space.

For this reason, Alpha Centauri was not high on planet hunters' lists... until they began studying a star 45 light years away called "Gamma Cephei." It has a small companion star that goes around it every 76 years. Now, it seems... it also has at least one planet.

That world is about the size of Jupiter, and it has planet hunters excited. Perhaps two-thirds of all the stars in our galaxy are in so-called binary relationships. That means there could be many more planets in our galaxy that astronomers once assumed.

At least three teams are now conducting long-term studies of Alpha Centauri... searching for slight wobbles in the light of each companion star that could indicate the presence of planets. If they find a planet that passes in front of one of the stars, astronomers will begin intensive studies to find out what it's like.

One of their most promising tools will be the James Webb Space Telescope, scheduled for launch in 2014 or 2015. From a position a million miles away from Earth, it will deploy a sun shield the size of a tennis court, and a mirror over 21 feet wide. The largest space telescope ever built, it will offer an extraordinary new window into potential solar systems like Alpha Centauri.

With its infrared light detectors, this telescope will be able to discern the chemical composition of a planet's atmosphere... and perhaps whether it harbors a moon like Pandora.

One prominent planet hunter predicted that if a habitable world is found at Alpha Centauri, the planning for a space mission would begin immediately. Here's that star duo as seen by the Cassini spacecraft just above the rings of Saturn.

To actually get to this pair of stairs, you have to travel as far as the orbit of Saturn, then go another 30,000 times further. Put another way, if the distance to Alpha Centauri is the equivalent of New York to Chicago, then Saturn would be just... one meter away.

So far, the immense distances of space have not stopped us from launching missions into deep space. In 1977, the twin Voyager spacecraft were each sent on their way aboard Titan 3 Centaur rockets. After a series of gravitational assists from the giant outer planets, the spacecraft are now flying out of the solar system at about 40,000 miles per hour.

They are moving so quickly that they could whip around the Earth in just 45 minutes, twice as fast as the International Space Station. Voyager I has now traveled over 110 astronomical units. That's 110 times the distance from Earth to the Sun... or about 10 billion miles. But don't hold your breath.

If it was headed in the right direction, it would need another 73,000 years to travel the 273,000 astronomical units to Alpha Centauri. When it comes to space travel, we've yet to realize the dream forged by rocketeers a century ago.

• Category

  • Science & Tech
  • Documentary
  • Nature

• Directed by:

  • Thomas Lucas

• Produced by:

  • Thomas Lucas

[NonogramStudios]

you do realize that myth was debunked a long time ago, you're still holding onto myths that were made in like what?...the 60's? Nasa never faked the moon landing. The only reason we havent gone back is because there is no real reason to, its just a rock. Putting up a base would be to much of a hassle, and we dont have the money to do it, anyways. i mean right now, finland (i think its finland) is getting ready to put people on mars by 2020, its all over the news. id sign up but you have to be 18

[tony ogi]

nope just you bud

[Ron Ben-Yehuda]

its japan what made you think finland?

[Steve From Accounting]

I can't tell if your trolling or are just completely lost in a paranoid delusion. Either way stop talking, your making a fool of your self.

[The Light]

257 Idiots watched this video.

[lyndongaming]

one civilization might very peaceful and cooperative enough to have developed super advanced propulsion techniques eventually reaching other stars, colonizing other planets but didn't have the luxury of having wars so they still use high-tech melee weapons, bows-arrows or Manual-action Firearms

They will be surprised to see a civilization that cannot even go to the nearest planet but can destroy all life in one exchange. and They might get scared of contact.

[lyndongaming]

there is, compared to the moon, mars has an atmosphere, mars might have water, mars has stronger gravity, mars is bigger, mars could have supported life in the past, mars is easier to terraform, mars daytime is almost similar to earth, mars is near the edge of the habitable zone. and many more things

[toocoolforu]

OMG how retarded can you be ?

[UNITiSGames]

Before going to other stars we should sort out our own problems and colonise the solar system first. Then once we have the resources we can attempt something like this.

[NonogramStudios]

the search for life is one. to see if we can live there is another, and to see if we can terraform it. Theres a reason why scientists want to go there instead, because theres an actual reason.