The potency of feedback control is enhanced by using algorithms that combine classical dynamic elements with logic states that facilitate decision-making capabilities. The resulting closed-loop system is a hybrid dynamical system, one in which the overall state changes continuously in some regions of the state space and changes instantaneously at other points. Additional examples of hybrid systems include mechanical systems with impacts and electrical circuits with impulsive behavior. Hybrid dynamical systems have been studied extensively for over twenty years, although until recently little attention has been given to issues related to robustness, a crucial property for engineered hybrid control systems where robustness to modeling errors and measurement noise is paramount. Over the last five years, significant progress has been made for hybrid systems on stability analysis tools and robustness results that parallel what is available for differential and difference equations. In this lecture, some of these tools and results will be described and their impact on control design will be illustrated.
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