The data listed represent Zimbabwe's Trade DEFICIT. A negative deficit is a surplus, so the negative numbers for 2000 and 2001 represent surpluses, the positive numbers represent deficits.
... the Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States executive director to each international financial institution to oppose and vote against--
(1) any extension by the respective institution of any loan, credit, or guarantee to the Government of Zimbabwe; or
(2) any cancellation or reduction of indebtedness owed by the Government of Zimbabwe to the United States or any international financial institution.
'Financial penalties are not sanctions'. So he KNOWS both that ZDERA exists and what is in ZDERA. I will quote and let the reader decide whether there are economic sanctions against Zimbabwe.
PS,
The data listed represent Zimbabwe's Trade DEFICIT. A negative deficit is a surplus, so the negative numbers for 2000 and 2001 represent surpluses, the positive numbers represent deficits.
tigerone1970 2 years ago
Source for the trade surplus data for Zimbabwe:
SPECIAL REPORT FAO/WFP CROP AND FOOD SUPPLY ASSESSMENT MISSION TO ZIMBABWE 2008
(2000 data:) SPECIAL REPORT FAO/WFP CROP AND FOOD SUPPLY ASSESSMENT MISSION TO ZIMBABWE 2007
Available online - google:
fao wfp zimbabwe 2008
tigerone1970 2 years ago
What was the effect of these sanctions? The collapse of Zimbabwe's trade surplus in the very same year ZDERA came into force - 2002.
2000 -295.6
2001 -323
2002 18
2003 108
2004 305
2005 388
2006 467
ZDERA caused a collapse in the trade surplus the year it was introduced and froze the Zimbabwean governments credit lines, causing a seizure in trade.
This is not 'mismanagement by Mugabe', but an economic hit by the US/UK and MDC.
tigerone1970 2 years ago
4(c) MULTILATERAL FINANCING RESTRICTION-
... the Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States executive director to each international financial institution to oppose and vote against--
(1) any extension by the respective institution of any loan, credit, or guarantee to the Government of Zimbabwe; or
(2) any cancellation or reduction of indebtedness owed by the Government of Zimbabwe to the United States or any international financial institution.
tigerone1970 2 years ago
Gorden Moyo is a liar - like all MDC members.
'Financial penalties are not sanctions'. So he KNOWS both that ZDERA exists and what is in ZDERA. I will quote and let the reader decide whether there are economic sanctions against Zimbabwe.
To read ZDERA, google:
zimbabwe democracy economic recovery act 2001 govtrack
tigerone1970 2 years ago