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The emergence of Georgia as a great military power in the late 11-12th centuries radically shifted the balance scales in favor of complete Caucasian cultural as well as political supremacy in eastern Asia Minor. Thanks to Georgia, much of historical Armenia once again came under Armenian political control--though briefly--and those parts that were not, were either tributary to Georgia or had made peace with that state. Beginning in the reign of the Georgian Bagratid monarch David II, called "the Builder" (1089-1125), the armies of Georgia commenced clearing southern and southeastern Georgia of nomadic Turkmens, capturing from them Shamshoylde and many strongholds in the Armeno-Georgian district of Somxit'i (1110); Lorhe [88] Agarak and the Kiwrikean holdings (1118) (151); Shamaxi, eastern Gugark', western Utik', Gag, K'awazin, Kayean, Kaycon, Terunakan, Nor Berd, Tawush, Mahkanaberd, Manasgom, and Xalinchk'ar (1123) (152). The same year Ani was taken, though that city passed back and forth between the Georgian and the Muslim emirs many times throughout the 12th century (153). During the reign of David's successor Demetre I (1125-1155/56) and his successor Georgi III (1155/56-1184) the conquests continued though at a slower pace. Throughout this period, the Georgian army was swelling with Armenian volunteers, enthusiastically participating in the Iiberation of their country. Furthermore, the Georgian Bagratids, themselves of Armenian descent, very definitely favored certain Armenian nobles long since established within Iberia and within that country's ruling structure (154). Such lords as the Zak'arean/Mxargrcelis, Orbelean/Orbelis and [89] Arcruni/Mankaberdelis not only commanded the victorious armies, but were left in charge of the newly established administrations (155). The Georgian Bagratids reached the apogee of their power under queen Tamar (1184-1213). Under Tamar's generals, the energetic brothers Zak'are and Iwane Zak'arean, the Armeno-Georgian armies surged ahead reclaiming one after another fortress, city and district: Anberd in Aragacotn district (1196), Shamk'or, Ganjak, Arc'ax, Siwnik', Shirak, the Ayrarat plain and Ani (ca. 1199); Bjni (1201); and Dwin (1203) (156). They now turned upon the southern and western emirates, defeating the renowned sultan of Konya, Rukn al-Din in the district of Basen (1204) (157). In 1204/5 they reached as far south [90] as Manazkert and Archesh on the northern shore of Lake Van, although this area was not taken until ca. 1208/9 (158). Iwane's daughter T'amt'a was married to the Shah Armen of Xlat' in 1209/10 (159). In a great final burst, general Zak'are marched through Naxijewan and Jugha, through Azarbaijan to Marand, Tabriz and Qazvin, looting and sacking Muslim settlements (160). By the time of Zak'are's death in 1212, Georgia was the most powerful state in the region, while the status of the Armenians, be they inhabitants of historical Armenia--northeastern, southern, western--of Georgia, or of the plethora of small communities stretching to the southwest to the independent Cilician kingdom had been changed in a very positive way. This situation was to be altered again almost at once.
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History Of Georgia (With Maps)by Bredli16834 views
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