Earthquakes and Oil : Exploring Marine Tomography Induced Seismicity

Deepwater Minerals Exploration and Induced Seismicity ........ While most earthquakes are caused by movement of the Earth's tectonic plates, human activity can also produce earthquakes. Four main activities contribute to this phenomenon: constructing large dams and buildings, drilling and injecting liquid into wells, (Repeat, drilling and injecting liquid into wells like BP's bottom kill and bunk shot) and by coal mining and oil drilling. Perhaps the best known example is the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China's Sichuan Province in May; this tremor resulted in 69,227 fatalities and is the 19th deadliest earthquake of all time. The Zipingpu Dam is believed to have fluctuated the pressure of the fault away; this pressure probably increased the power of the earthquake and accelerated the rate of movement for the fault. The greatest earthquake in Australia's history was also induced by humanity, through coal mining. The city of Newcastle was built over a large sector of coal mining areas. The earthquake was spawned from a fault which reactivated due to the millions of tonnes of rock removed in the mining process. Over the last few decades, it has become clear that various human activities have the potential to generate seismic activity. Examples include subsurface waste injection, reservoir impoundment in the vicinity of large dams, and development of mining, geothermal or hydrocarbon resources. Recently, induced seismicity has also become a concern in connection with geologic carbon sequestration projects. This study focuses on seismicity induced by hydrocarbon production by summarizing the published case studies and describing current theoretical approaches to model these. It is important to understand the conditions under which hydrocarbon production may lead to seismic activity in order to ensure that they are performed safely. Our knowledge of induced seismicity in hydrocarbon fields has progressed substantially over the last few years owing to more intensive high-quality instrumentation of oil fields and a continuous effort to understand the phenomenon theoretically. However, much of the available literature is dispersed over a variety of journals and specialized reports. This review aims at providing a first step toward making the current knowledge about induced seismicity in hydrocarbon fields more accessible to a broad audience of scientists. Acute noise has been shown to cause mortality and acute morbidity in many different species of marine animals. Sources of acute noise include active military sonars, underwater explosions such was those occurring in dynamite fishing, ship shock trials, or underwater construction, and air gun array blasts used in seismic surveys. Such airgun arrays are towed behind the approximately 90 seismic vessels in operation today (20% of which are operating at any given time in the ocean), and they can fire every 10 seconds for days at a time. A low-frequency seismic array can generate 215 decibels of sound, comparable to a twin-engine fighter jet at takeoff. Necropsies on toothed whales that mass stranded after being in the vicinity of sonar-using military vessels and seismic vessels have shown ruptured earbones, hemorrhages in fatty tissues of the head, and air bubbles in the lungs and brain20. These animals have particularly acute hearing, and all sound-sensitive organs are affected by acute noise, especially those occurring at mid-frequencies (as is the case with the most damaging military active sonars). Military active sonar emits loud sound waves that sweep across the ocean to reveal enemy submarines and other objects of security interest. Some mid-frequency sonar systems can emit 235 decibels, sound as loud as a rocket at launch. Even 100 miles from a low frequency sonar system, sound levels can approach 160 decibels, well beyond the Navy's own safety limits for humans21. And with a concerted move to perform more military exercises in the shallow waters that are home to many marine mammals, concern for the animals' welfare is growing. Chronic sounds seem to generate less media attention but can cause enormous problems for animals that use sound to travel, feed and communicate. Ambient or chronic sounds are primarily created by the enormous numbers of vessels now plying the seas, by offshore wind farms, and by the long term operation of seismic airgun arrays. Such sounds are generally low frequency (but they can be of high intensity) and are prolonged; the most affected species seem to be baleen whales such as fin whales, sei whales, minke whales, and humpback whales. Many of us are familiar with the hauntingly beautiful and complex songs sung by humpback and other whales; less well known (and less admired!) are the sound communications made by coral reef fishes. A Correlation Between Seismic Tomography, Seismic Events and Support
Pressure http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/pubs/pdfs/cbsts.pdf

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[bobpeckham]

this video is just so badly edited I don't understand what point you're trying to make

[IranContraScumDid911]

@bobpeckham The smart ones cant figure it out ..... its the editing.

[lonestarskywatcher]

Oh, BTW, I've been wondering where Greenpeace are on all these topics? Where are all the big enviornmentalist groups on these issues? Those bastards....Thanks for your research...

[cancanbiker]

Worst drought ever in Afghanistan=2001

According to UN the droughts in Afghanistan over the past decade are to blame for increased opium production since the us led invasion.

So, if you had a monopoly on the opium trade and wanted to ignore your involvement it would be benefiting to control the weather over that region. But the military, say a company like Raytheon or BAE can't do that right?

The IranContra bunch seemingly tie into HAARP & ELF technology also.