In this lecture, Professor Tirole analyzes how private decisions and public policies are shaped by personal and societal preferences (values), material or other explicit incentives (laws) and social sanctions or rewards (norms).
Incorporating agents' imperfect knowledge of the distribution of preferences opens up to analysis several new questions, such as the social psychologists' practice of norms-based interventions and the expressive role of law. Professor Tirole also sheds light on why societies are often resistant to economists' message, as well as on why they renounce certain policies, such as cruel and unusual punishments, irrespective of effectiveness considerations, in order to express their being "civilized".
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