The Crusade. The Inquisition, Part. 02 .- In Eng..

Before the 12th century, the Catholic Church already suppressed heresy, usually through a system of ecclesiastical proscription or imprisonment, but without using torture[1] and seldom resorting to executions.Such punishments had a number of ecclesiastical opponents, although some countries[which?] punished heresy with the death penalty.

In the 12th century, to counter the spread of Catharism, prosecution of heretics by secular governments became more frequent. The Church charged councils composed of bishops and archbishops with establishing inquisitions (see Episcopal Inquisition). The first Inquisition was established in Languedoc (south of France) in 1184.

Two priests demand a heretic to repent as he is tortured.

In the 13th century, Pope Gregory IX (reigned 1227--1241) assigned the duty of carrying out inquisitions to the Dominican Order. They used inquisitorial procedures, a legal practice common at that time. They judged heresy alone, using the local authorities to establish a tribunal and to prosecute heretics. After the end of the twelfth century, a Grand Inquisitor headed each Inquisition. Grand Inquisitions persisted until the 19th century.

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• The Crusade. The Inquisition
• Part. 02 .- In Eng..