In 1605 Guy Fawkes (a member of a group of Catholic Restorationists who conspired to topple the Protestant monarchy of James I) attempted to blow up the Houses of Parliament while the entire Protestant aristocracy was in residence there. The plot was discovered in October of 1605 and, on November 5 Fawkes was apprehended in the chambers underneath the House of Lords as he was about to set off the explosives. He was executed for the crime of treason in January 1606.
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