This is the final step in cellular respiration, also known as aerobic respiration. Electrons have been carried by compounds such as NAD+, FADH, and NADP. Now they are used to set off a chemical reaction that takes advantage many membrane proteins of the mitochondria to make ATP. The final membrane protein, an enzyme, is called ATP synthase or sometimes just synthase.
The cells of almost all eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, algae, protozoa -- in other words, the living things except bacteria, archaea, and a few protists) contain intracellular organelles called mitochondria, which produce ATP. Energy sources such as glucose are initially metabolized in the cytoplasm. The products are imported into mitochondria. Mitochondria continue the process of catabolism using metabolic pathways including the Krebs cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid oxidation.
The end result of these pathways is the production of two kinds of energy-rich electron donors, NADH and FADH2. Electrons from these donors are passed through an electron transport chain to oxygen, which is reduced to water. This is a multi-step redox process that occurs on the mitochondrial inner membrane. The enzymes that catalyze these reactions have the remarkable ability to simultaneously create a proton gradient across the membrane, producing a thermodynamically unlikely high-energy state with the potential to do work. Although electron transport occurs with great efficiency, a small percentage of electrons are prematurely leaked to oxygen, resulting in the formation of the toxic free-radical superoxide.
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Actually, the H of NADH can be used to produce 2 and a half ATP and the H of FADH2 can be used to produce one and a half ATP... Don't know the exact mechanism, but thats the way it is. The proton motive force is a way to visualize the production of ATP, it doesn't mean that in real life one H- gets moved trough F0 and F1 to produce 1 ATP at a time...
@Xxschecter51xX it has the ability to change sizes, it can also split apart the double helix structure of DNA and spit out okazaki fragments when its hard enough
now that's interesting, But doesn't that lead to half molecules? Would be a bit weird to get half ATP, but if that's scientiffically proven, then who am I to question the logic? Thanks all for helping me out, even though I failed my test, it wasn't as bad as it could have been ;)
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The movement of protons from a high concentration to a low concentration through a concentrated gradient, to help the production of ATP.
only ONE Hydrogen (AKA Proton) is used to produce one ATP, not 2 hydrogen as shown in the video.
Therefore only ONE hydrogen goes through the ATP-Synthase one at a time to produce ONE ATP.
34 ATP CAN be produced (this is not always the case)
The proton motive force is a way to visualize the production of ATP, it doesn't mean that in real life one H- gets moved trough F0 and F1 to produce 1 ATP at a time...