Des Racines et des Ailes - France 3 - documentaire. The Farnese court in Parma and Piacenza under Duke Ranuccio II (1630-94) was one of the most splendid in Italy.
The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza continued to be ruled by the Farnese until the 17th century, but the military assaults on the Farnese holding of Castro culminated in the city being lost in 1649 to Pope Innocent X.
The small dukedom eventually fell under the Spanish control and influence; the family lost Parma and Piacenza in 1731 when the last duke, Antonio Farnese, died without direct heirs and his collateral heir, his sister Elizabeth Farnese, Queen of Spain, passed a successful claim on to her sons, Don Carlos (later King Carlos III of Spain) and Filippo House of Bourbon-Parma.
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