Lærdal Tunnel.wmv

8/2010; muzyka: Prodigy - Hot Ride

Lærdal Tunnel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Overview
Location Sogn og Fjordane, Norway
Coordinates 60°58′19″N 07°22′06″ECoordinates: 60°58′19″N 07°22′06″E
Route E16
Operation
Work begun 1995
Opened 2000
Operator Norwegian Public Roads Administration
Character Automotive
Vehicles per day 1,000
Technical
Length 24.51 km (15.23 mi)
Highest elevation 265 m (869 ft)
Lowest elevation 5 m (16 ft)
Width 9 m (30 ft)
Grade 2.5%

Lærdal Tunnel (Norwegian: Lærdalstunnelen) is a 24.51-kilometre (15.23 mi) long road tunnel connecting Lærdal and Aurland in Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. It is the longest road tunnel in the world, and carries two lanes of European Route E16, the main road between Oslo and Bergen. In 1975, the Parliament of Norway decided that the main road between Oslo and Bergen would run via Filefjell, and in 1992 passed legislation to build the tunnel. Construction started in 1995, and the tunnel opened on It cost 1,082 million Norwegian krone, although unlike most tunnels in Norway was not subject to tolls.

It is located approximately 175-200 km north-east of Bergen. In June 1992, the Norwegian Parliament decided that the road between Bergen and Oslo should be built via Aurland, to Lærdal, and over Filefjell. The 24.51-kilometre (15.23 mi) long road tunnel between Aurland and Lærdal represents the final link on the new main highway connecting Oslo and Bergen without ferry connections and difficult mountain crossings during the winter. Construction started in 1995 and was completed in 2000, thus succeeding the Gotthard Road Tunnel as the longest road tunnel in the world. The total cost of the project was about NOK 1,082,000,000. The tunnel is a part of the E16 highway route between Oslo and Bergen. Unlike the newest tunnels in Norway, the tunnel is not tolled.

Design
A total of 2,500,000 cubic metres (3,270,000 cu yd) of rock was removed from the tunnel during its construction from 1995 to 2000. The tunnel begins just east of Aurlandsvangen in Aurland and goes through a mountain range and ends 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) south of Lærdalsøyri in Lærdal. The design of the tunnel takes into consideration the mental strain on drivers, so the tunnel is divided into four sections, separated by three large mountain caves at 6-kilometre (3.7 mi) intervals. While the main tunnel has white lights, the caves have blue lighting with yellow lights at the fringes to give an impression of sunrise. The caves are meant to break the routine, providing a refreshing view and allowing drivers to take a short rest. The caverns are also used as turn around points and for break areas to help lift claustrophobia during a 20-minute drive through the tunnel.[1] To keep drivers from being inattentive or falling asleep, each lane is supplied with a loud rumble strip toward the center.

Safety
The tunnel does not have emergency exits. In case of accidents and/or fire, many security precautions have been made. There are emergency phones marked "SOS" every 250 metres (820 ft) which can contact the police, fire departments, and hospitals. Fire extinguishers have been placed every 125 metres (410 ft). Whenever an emergency phone in the tunnel is used, stop lights and electronic signs reading: snu og køyr ut (English: turn and drive out) are displayed throughout the tunnel. There are 15 turning areas which were constructed for buses and semi-trailers. In addition to the three large caverns, emergency niches have been built every 500 metres (1,600 ft). There are photo inspections and counting of all vehicles that enter and exit the tunnel at security centers in Lærdal and Bergen. There is also special wiring in the tunnel for the use of radio and mobile phones.

Air quality
High air quality in the tunnel is achieved in two ways: ventilation and purification. Large fans draw air in from both entrances, and polluted air is expelled through the ventilation tunnel to Tynjadalen. The Lærdal Tunnel is the first in the world to be equipped with an air treatment plant, located in a 100-metre (330 ft) wide cavern about 9.5 kilometres (5.9 mi) northwest of Aurlandsvangen. The plant removes both dust and nitrogen dioxide from the tunnel air. Two large fans draw air through the treatment plant, where dust and soot are removed by an electrostatic filter. Then the air is drawn through a large carbon filter which removes the nitrogen dioxide.

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