Alba Iulia Latin Apulum is a city in Alba County Transylvania Romania

Alba Iulia (Hungarian: Gyulafehérvár, Latin: Apulum, German: Karlsburg/Weißenburg, former Turkish: Erdel Belgradı) is a city in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania with a population of 66,747[1], located on the Mureş River. Between 1541 and 1690 it was the capital of the Principality of Transylvania. The city is historically important for both Romanians and Hungarians.
Four villages are administered by the city: Oarda (Alsóváradja), Pâclişa (Poklos), Miceşti (Ompolykisfalud) and Bărăbanţ (Borbánd)
The modern city is located near the site of the important Dacian political, economic and social centre of Apulon, mentioned by the ancient Greek geographer Ptolemy and believed by many archaeologists to be the Dacian fortifications on top of Piatra Craivii.[citation needed] After the southern part of Dacia became a province of the Roman Empire, the capital of the Dacia Apulensis district was established here, and the city was known as Apulum.[2] Apulum was one of the largest centers in Roman Dacia and the seat of the XIII Gemina Legion.
In the 9th century, the city was mentioned under the name of Belgrad or Belograd ("White Castle" in Slavic languages). The Gesta Hungarorum mention a ruler named Geula, Gyula, or Jula, who had discovered the city and made it the capital of his dukedom during 10th century. Following the establishment of the Catholic Transylvanian bishopric after Stephen I of Hungary adopted Catholicism, the first cathedral was built in the 11th century. The present (Catholic) cathedral was built in the 12th or 13th century. In 1442, John Hunyadi, Voivod of Transylvania, used the citadel to make his preparations for a major battle against the Ottoman Turks. The cathedral was enlarged during his reign and he was entombed there after his death.
As Gyulafehérvár, Alba Iulia became the capital of the Principality of Transylvania in 1541, a status it was to retain until 1690. The Treaty of Weissenburg was signed in the town in 1551. It was during the reign of Prince Gabriel Bethlen that the city reached a high point in its cultural history, with the establishment of an academy. Further important milestones in the city's development include the creation of the Batthyanaeum Library in the 18th century and the arrival of the railway in the 19th century.

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