Psoriasis

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La psoriasis es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la piel, no es contagiosa, que produce lesiones escamosas, engrosadas e inflamadas, con una amplia variabilidad clínica y evolutiva.
Se estima que entre un 1 y un 3% de la población sufre de psoriasis. Si bien puede aparecer a cualquier edad, suele hacerlo entre los 15 y los 35 años, con un pico máximo de incidencia en la segunda década. Afecta por igual a ambos sexos, aunque es más precoz en mujeres, y en personas con antecedentes familiares. Por otro lado, no existe relación entre psoriasis y cáncer de piel (no maligniza).
La psoriasis en placas o psoriasis vulgar es la forma más frecuente. Se caracteriza por la formación simétrica de placas de 1 a 30 centímetros, localizadas en cualquier zona de la piel, especialmente rodillas, codos, región lubosacra y cuero cabelludo. Las lesiones pueden durar hasta meses, e incluso años, y en sucesivos brotes se van extendiendo al tórax y las extremidades. Cuando las lesiones confluyen en grandes placas con bordes geográficos, el cuadro se denomina psoriasis gyrata; otras veces, aparece una zona central más clara, y el cuadro de llama psoriasis anular.

Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. Psoriasis is not contagious. It commonly causes red, scaly patches to appear on the skin, although some patients have no dermatological symptoms. The scaly patches caused by psoriasis, called psoriatic plaques, are areas of inflammation and excessive skin production. Skin rapidly accumulates at these sites which gives it a silvery-white appearance. Plaques frequently occur on the skin of the elbows and knees, but can affect any area including the scalp, palms of hands and soles of feet, and genitals. In contrast to eczema, psoriasis is more likely to be found on the outer side of the joint.

The disorder is a chronic recurring condition that varies in severity from minor localized patches to complete body coverage. Fingernails and toenails are frequently affected (psoriatic nail dystrophy) and can be seen as an isolated symptom. Psoriasis can also cause inflammation of the joints, which is known as psoriatic arthritis. Ten to fifteen percent of people with psoriasis have psoriatic arthritis.

The cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, but it is believed to have a genetic component and local psoriatic changes can be triggered by an injury to the skin known as Koebner phenomenon[citation needed]. Various environmental factors have been suggested as aggravating to psoriasis including stress, withdrawal of systemic corticosteroid, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking but few have shown statistical significance.There are many treatments available, but because of its chronic recurrent nature psoriasis is a challenge to treat

Category:

Science & Technology

Tags:

• Dermatología
• dermatology
• piel
• skin