Tuning a harpsichord (cembalo, clavecin) in just a few minutes, by ear, using the tuning sequence I believe is illustrated on the title page of Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier (1722).
Research by B...
Tuning a harpsichord (cembalo, clavecin) in just a few minutes, by ear, using the tuning sequence I believe is illustrated on the title page of Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier (1722).
Research by Bradley Lehman, 2004, continuing a doctoral project from 1993-4 in "modified meantone" tuning as applied to Bach's music. The interpretation is based on analysis of Bach's extant keyboard music, plus a historical study of tuning methods, plus (in 2004) the suspiciously irregular drawing on Bach's title page.
This research was first published in an _Early Music_ (Oxford University Press journal) article, February-May 2005. Two printed portions and five web files comprise that article.
This hands-on demonstration: 2007, Bradley Lehman at home. Flemish-style harpsichord built by Anne Acker.
For full details about this tuning method and its musical implications, see http://www.larips.com . Articles, CDs, free online samples, links to additional resources. The articles show how Bach's drawing is mapped to the notes in the tuning sequence.
I believe this specific unequal tuning method was Bach's intention for at least that book of music, the Well-Tempered Clavier, playing music in all 24 major and minor keys.
Time to set up the temperament by ear, from a single tuning fork: about 5 minutes. Time to do the entire instrument: about 8 to 20 minutes. As reported by Bach's son Carl Philipp Emanuel, it never cost JSB more than a quarter hour for the whole thing. (Get the tuning done quickly so there's more time left for playing or improvising! And it's going to be stable for only a day or two anyway, with normal weather fluctuations, so it's good to develop an efficiency of setting and maintaining this quickly.)
Also check my other YouTube videos for examples of music played with this tuning: harpsichord and organ. Various full-length CDs are available, played by me and others variously on harpsichords, organs, and fortepianos. http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bpl/la...
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I've find the C# major triad choking, there is such difference between the c# f and f a thirds that they are in fact inverted (the faster being the lowest one). This is very far from equal , to my ears (too much !). Instructions are clear, well done .
Thanks for doing the demo. It's exactly the same method my first harpsichord teacher showed me over 15 years ago, same procedure. I reckon - the American way? (She was a DMA from Julliard). I would enjoy Werckmeister and Kirnberger very much, but this way (or your way) of tuning the harpsichord is practical for daily use and depends on individual taste and ear rather than following historical approaches, which I think was also came from taste, mathematical calculation, and trial and error.
Thanks for your comment, Latribe. I have heard objections to the "Bach" temperament only twice. The first was motivated by a piano tuner's intransigence to try anything new. When I visited my grandson in Cleveland last year, he introduced me to a number of harpsichords, an 1815 Broadwood piano & a few modern ones tuned in this system. My instruments are now in Bach. I've noticed more harpsichords in London as of late are tuned to "Bach". It's a matter of taste, I suspect. I do like Kellner, too.
Hi! Yes - I appreciate where you're coming from - but I understand that the Bradley Lehman temperament is furthest away from purer tuning in the region of 3 or 4 accidentals. This doesn't really make a good deal of sense to me.
Tunings such as Kellner move progressively from very good in all white keys to "most interesting" in the "most remote" all black keys. This makes some philosophical sense. Certainly Chopin's Raindrop Prelude and Funeral March in particular benefit in Kellner.
Anyway, thanks for reminding me of this video and how helpful it is. I'll try the tuning before long.
However, the other aspect is that the BL thesis relies on turning the squiggle upside down, and other interpretations such as that by John Charles Francis don't rely on such gymnastics of interpretation and broadly correlate with the Kellner Bach temperament, itself not far from Kirnberger III which has historical provenance.
For these two reasons I have not paid much attention to BL.
I see, Latribe. I didn't know this, and must confess to being out of the loop concerning any subjective modifications made to make the system "work". I will advise my grandson in Cleveland about this. I must say, however, that it is indeed a beautiful temperament which seems to be very popular amongst musicians both in the UK and America. I will research the work of JC Francis. Thank you for your message.
Hi! We had fun at the weekend with an instrument on which we could alter temperament easily - search YouTube for "Introduction to unequal temperaments in F Sharp" and "Krebs in F Minor in Kellner temperament" "Trying out meantone temperament in F minor" from which you'll see what the Lehman temperament and the Kellner temperament are trying to avoid.
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Instructions are clear, well done .
Tunings such as Kellner move progressively from very good in all white keys to "most interesting" in the "most remote" all black keys. This makes some philosophical sense. Certainly Chopin's Raindrop Prelude and Funeral March in particular benefit in Kellner.
However, the other aspect is that the BL thesis relies on turning the squiggle upside down, and other interpretations such as that by John Charles Francis don't rely on such gymnastics of interpretation and broadly correlate with the Kellner Bach temperament, itself not far from Kirnberger III which has historical provenance.
For these two reasons I have not paid much attention to BL.
"Introduction to unequal temperaments in F Sharp" and "Krebs in F Minor in Kellner temperament" "Trying out meantone temperament in F minor" from which you'll see what the Lehman temperament and the Kellner temperament are trying to avoid.