The OED records its earliest known English-language usage of "brainwashing" by Edward Hunter in New Leader on 7 October 1950. During the Korean War, Hunter, who was working both as a journalist and a U.S. intelligence agent, turned out a steady stream of books and articles on the theme of Chinese brainwashing. The Chinese term (xi năo, literally "wash brain") originally referred to methodologies of coercive persuasion used in the 改造 (gai zào, "reconstruction", "change", "altering") of the so-called feudal ( fēng jiàn) thought-patterns of pre-revolutionary Chinese citizens. The goal of the Maoist regime in China was to transform an individual with a "feudal" or capitalist mindset into a "right-thinking" member of the new social system. To that end they developed techniques that would break down the psychic integrity of the individual with regard to information processing, information retained in the mind and individual values. Chosen techniques included, dehumanizing of individuals by keeping them in filth, sleep deprivation, partial sensory deprivation, psychological harassment, inculcation of guilt, group social pressure. The term punned on the Taoist custom of "cleansing/washing the heart" (xǐ xīn)
prior to conducting certain ceremonies or entering certain holy places, and in Chinese. Hunter, and those who picked up the term used it to explain why, unlike in earlier wars, a relatively high percentage of American GIs defected to the enemy side after becoming prisoners-of-war. It was believed that the Chinese in North Korea were using these techniques to disrupt the ability of captured troops to effectively organize and resist their imprisonment. British radio operator Robert W. Ford and British army Colonel James Carne also claimed to have been subjected to brainwashing techniques during their war era imprisonment by the Chinese.
After the war, two studies of the repatriation of American prisoners of war by Robert Lifton and by Edgar Schein concluded that brainwashing (called "thought reform" by Lipton and "coercive persuasion" by Schein) had a transient effect. Both researchers found that the Chinese mainly used coercive persuasion to disrupt the ability of the prisoners to organize and maintain morale and hence to escape. By placing the prisoners under conditions of physical and social deprivation and disruption, and then by offering them more comfortable situations such as better sleeping quarters, quality food, warmer clothes or blankets the Chinese did succeed in getting some of the prisoners to make anti-American statements. Nevertheless, the majority of prisoners did not actually adopt Communist beliefs, instead behaving as though they did in order to avoid the plausible threat of extreme physical abuse. Both researchers also concluded that such coercive persuasion succeeded only on a minority of POWs, and that the end-result of such coercion remained very unstable, as most of the individuals reverted to their previous condition soon after they left the coercive environment. In 1961 they both published books expanding on these findings. Schein published Coercive Persuasion and Lifton published Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism. More recent writers like Mikhail Heller have suggested that Lifton's model of brainwashing may be relevant to the use of mass propaganda in other communist states like the former Soviet Union.
cheers m8, i wonder how many feds n politicians are implanted already :/
paranorma1palace 2 years ago 6
ELF Towers
HAARP
Chemtrails
Nano particles
romo502 2 years ago 5