Applied anatomy of the thyroid gland: presentation (1 of 3)

Presented by Dr.Akram Jaffar (Ph.D.)

After completion of this series (1-3) it is expected that you will be able to understand and describe the:

Regional anatomy
• Shape and position of the thyroid lobes and isthmus.
• Pyramidal lobe and levator glandulae muscle.
• Relations of the thyroid gland to: strap muscles, trachea, esophagus, thyroid cartilage, recurrent laryngeal nerve, parathyroid glands, sympathetic trunk, carotid sheath, pretracheal fascia, investing fascia, and platysma.
• The origin, course, and branches of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries.
• The origin and course of thyroid ima artery.
• The course and termination of thyroid veins: superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins.
• The relation of thyroid arteries to nerves: Superior thyroid artery and external laryngeal nerve; Inferior thyroid artery and recurrent laryngeal nerve.
• The position of parathyroid glands.
• Why inferior parathyroid glands are variable in position.

Embryology
• Describe the development of the thyroid gland: foramen cecum and thyroglossal duct.
• Describe the common positions of ectopic thyroid gland.
• Describe the development of parathyroid glands.

Applied anatomy
• Explain the development of dyspnea and dysphagia in goitre.
• Explain why a large goitre extends downwards into the superior mediastinum (retrosternal goitre).
• Discuss the clinical significance of thyroid ima artery.
• Explain why the middle thyroid vein is the first vessel to be ligated and sectioned during thyroidectomy.
• Explain why should the superior thyroid artery be ligated and sectioned nearer to the superior pole of the thyroid gland during thyroidectomy.
• Explain why the inferior thyroid artery should be ligated well lateral to the gland during thyroidectomy.
• Discuss the clinical significance of indirect laryngoscopy prior to thyroidectomy.
• Explain the development of stridor or hoarseness of voice after complicated thyroidectomy.
• Explain the anatomical reason for doing a transverse incision in the neck instead of vertical incision.
• Enumerate the fascial layers that should be incised before exposing the thyroid gland.
• Discuss the anatomical reason of leaving the postero-lateral part of the thyroid gland in position during subtotal thyroidectomy.
• Discuss the anatomical complications of thyroidectomy: vascular injury, nerve injury (external laryngeal nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve and sympathetic trunk), organ injury (trachea, esophagus, and parathyroid gland), and injury to the pleura.
• Explain why a thyroglossal cyst should move upwards as the patient puts his tongue out.

Radiographic anatomy
• Identify the use of thyroid scan in showing the shape and function of the thyroid gland.
• Identify the thyroid gland and its relations in axial MRI and ultrasound of the neck.

Category:

Education

Tags:

• anatomy
• thyroid
• gland
• applied
• education

[OJASVIVYAS]

thank you sir...it was of grt help..plzzz explain facial nerve anatomy also

[theentman1]

very good work 

[ceescobar4e]

Exclente explanations Thanks very mucho for your work

[DrZaidy90]

Wooow really really very good idea ..

thank you very much .. its way better than listening to recorder

Love the idea !!

and yea Agree ,, we should have the classes online :P

[coolso0oz]

WOW.. how could u do that??

5ala6 we can just have classes on line!!

love it!!

[aatifinam]

Excellent......Dr Akram.......