After traveling through interstellar space for more than ten thousand years, the light carrying the story of the death of CAS A finally reached Earth in the year 1680. By this time there was a keen interest in astronomy in Europe and a large number of telescopes were being used. Though two previous supernova events had been observed from Europe (1572 and 1604) it was though that no record existed anywhere on Earth that the CAS A event was observed. This was a mystery since Cassiopeia is a circumpolar constellation and located outside in Milky Way in a dark section of the sky. However, it now appears that one man did observe CAS A. The British astronomer John Flamsteed observed a star that was near the position of CAS A which was not seen by anyone else and was never seen again. Was John Flamsteed the only person to actually observe the light from CAS A as it sped past Earth?
Cassiopeia A
Date: 1680 AD
Historical Observers: European?
Constellation: Cassiopeia
Duration of Visibility: ?
Remnant: Cas A SNR
Distance Estimate: 10,000 light years
Type: Core collapse of massive star | The core collapse of a massive star is a Type II supernova event. The stellar end product left behind depends upon the initial mass of the star, and is either a neutron star, pulsar, magnetar, or black hole.
Cassiopeia
Location: Northern Hemisphere
Source: Greek mythology. The constellation was also identified by the Egyptians (associated with an evil god), the Chinese (a charioteer), and the Celts (home of the king of the Fairies).
The story behind the name: Cassiopeia is named after the queen of a country on the northern coast of Africa, Aethiopia (not modern Ethiopia). She boasted that she and her daughter Andromeda were more beautiful than the Nereids, the 50 sea nymph attendants of Thetis, the sea goddess, and Poseidon, the sea god. Thetis, and Poseidon's wife Amphitrite (an alternate sea goddess), were also Nereids, so Cassiopeia's boast was an insult to the gods. The Nereids begged Poseidon to punish Cassiopeia. Poseidon sent a flood carrying a sea monster to destroy the kingdom. Cassiopeia's husband, King Cepheus consulted an oracle, who told him that the only way to appease Poseidon and stop the monster was to sacrifice Andromeda. Andromeda was chained to a sea cliff to be eaten by the monster. She was rescued by the hero Perseus who had seen her chained to the cliff and had fallen instantly in love with her. Perseus was returning from carrying out his oath to kill the Gorgon, Medusa. Perseus offered to kill the sea monster and rescue Andromeda in return for her hand in marriage. Cepheus and Cassiopeia agreed reluctantly. They had already agreed to marry her to Cephus's uncle (his father's twin brother Agenor), and once she had been rescued, they tried to break their promise to Perseus.
Andromeda wanted to keep their promise and insisted that the wedding be held immediately. In some versions of the myth, Cassiopeia summoned Agenor, who rushed into the wedding party with armed men. Perseus fought off a number of them but was greatly outnumbered. He picked up Medusa's head (which he was bringing back as proof that he killed her) and when his attackers looked at it, they turned to stone. Poseidon is supposed to have set images of Cepheus and Cassiopeia in the sky. As a punishment for her treachery, her constellation (a zig-zag shape like an "M" or "W") is supposed to represent Cassiopeia either chained to her throne (in an ironic reference to her daughter's ordeal) or stuffed into a basket. Because the constellation is in a circumpolar position (meaning that it seems to revolve centered around the pole star, Polaris), Cassiopeia is at times suspended upside down in the sky in a very undignified position.
Objects observed by Chandra in Cassiopeia:
Cassiopeia A (2009)
Tycho's Supernova Remnant (2009)
NGC 281 (2007)
W3 Main (2006)
3C58 (2004)
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