At the end of the Mexican war of 1848, the United States acquired an area that was called the New Mexico Territory (part of which is now Costilla County). Spanish-speaking Americans, settled the town of San Luis and had to guard it from Indians.
San Luis is the first permanent town in Colorado and was founded on June 21, 1851, the date of the annual Fiesta de San Luis. The original village was named after the Catholic Saint.
The oldest continuously operated business in Colorado is located in San Luis also, a general store now called the R&R Market. The market still stands at the same site where it was founded by Dario Gallegos in 1857.
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