Video shows ciliates Woodruffia ingesting Phormidium autumnalae filaments. Twisted filament is much more resistant than solitary trichome visible in the right side of a frame. More information about ability of cyanobacteria to defend themselves against ciliate grazers are available in papers: Agnieszka Pajdak-Stós, Edyta Fiałkowska, Janusz Fyda, Phormidium autumnalae (Cyanobacteria) defense against three ciliate grazer species, Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 2001, Vol. 23: 237-244 (www.int-res.com/artcles/ame/23/a023p237.pdf ) and Edyta Fiałkowska, Agnieszka Pajdak-Stós, Dependence of cyanobacteria defense mode on grazer pressure, Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 2002, Vol. 27: 149-157 (www.int-res.com/artcles/ame/27/a027p149.pdf ).
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