It is one of the most sensitive and longest running disputes and it is over the South Atlantic islands Britain has held since 1833, which Buenos Aires considers its own, to the British known as the Falklands or Malvinas Islands to South Americans.
The British Prime Minister, David Cameron, who accused Argentina of a "colonialist" attitude, is embarking on the island's 3000 residents who want to remain part of Britain to make his case, but Argentina will not have that with the backing of Mercosur nations.
The Argentine president Cristina Fernandez has accused Britain of being a colonial occupier of the Malvinas Islands.
In this News Analysis, we ask whether Britain is after remaining a colonial power or is the dispute over rich oil resources.
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